Cardamoms

Carcinomas S. carcinostaticus Cardace Cardamom Cardamom oil [8000-66-6] Cardamom seed Cardamon seed Cardanol [37330-39-5] Cardboard Cardene... 

In 1991, vanilla beans were the highest valued spice import, with shipments totaling 69.0 million, followed by black and white pepper at 60.6 million, capsicum peppers and paprika at 42.6 million, sesame seed at 40.6 million, and cassia and cinnamon at 27.8 million. The most expensive spices, on a unit value basis, include saffron, 1116/kg average New York spot vanilla beans, 80.50/kg for Bourbon beans from Madagascar, Comoros, and Reunion, and 22.05/kg for Java beans and cardamom, 38.54/kg for grade AA bleached Indian and 3.88/kg for Guatemalan mixed greens. 

Table 30. Comparison of Components of the Headspace of Living Ripe Cardamom Seed and Commercial Oil ...

Kamcroon cardamuio oil is obtained from friiiis which are ideutioal with the -Madagascar cardamoms. They are derived from Amomum... 

This terpene occurs principally in oil of savin, but has also been found in marjoram, cardamom, sho-gyu and a few other essential oils. It is obtained from the fraction of oil of savin which boils below 195°, which amounts to about 30 per cent, of the oil. It has probably not been isolated in a state of absolute purity, but its characters are approximately as follows —... 

Terpinenol, CijHjgO, is found in the oils of marjoram, cardamoms, cypress, and nutmeg, as well as in several others to a small extent. It has the following constitution —... 

Terpinyl Formate.—The formic acid ester of terpineol, CjeHj-OOCH, occurs naturally in Ceylon cardamom oil. It is prepared artificially by... 

Cannayane et al. (2007) conducted a laboratory experiment to test the pathogenic potential of H. indica and S. glaseri on cardamom root grub, Basilepta fulvicorne. After mortality the cadaver of B. fluvicorni exhibited brick red to brown colour when infested with H. indica and also luminescent under ultraviolet, whereas, yellow and flaccid nature was due to S. glaseri infestation. 

Cannayane I, Banu JG, Subramaniam S, Rajavel DS. Preliminary evaluation of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the root grub, Basilepta fulvicome in cardamom. Int J Nematol. 2007 37 213-214. 

To detect and check absence of other parts of the plant e.g., cardamom fruit. 

The Indian folk medicine, called Ayurvedic medicine, can be traced back 3000-5000 years and was practiced by the Brahmin sages of ancient times. The treatments were set out in sacred writings called Vedas. The material medica are extensive and most are based on herbal formulations. Some of the herbs have appeared in Western medicines, such as cardamom and cinnamon. Susruta, a physician in the fourth century ad, described the use of henbane as antivenom for snakebites. 

The structural and biological diversity of naturally occurring endoperoxides is further illustrated by the antimalarial cardamom peroxide (7) containing a 7-membered ring cyclic peroxide moiety , and by the tremorgenic verruculogen (8) containing an 8-membered endoperoxide system (Chart 1) . 

In the context of the synthesis of naturally occurring product cardamom peroxide (7), radical spirocyclizations of the hydroperoxides 190, 193 and 196 were studied (Scheme 44) . It was found that the DBPO-induced oxidative cyclization of 190 follows the 5-exo-mode to give the spiroendoperoxide 191, which was subsequently converted... 

Synthesis of 7-membered spirobicyclic peroxides 331a and 331b, which belong to the cardamom peroxide (7) family, was recently accomplished throngh TMSOTf-catalyzed intramolecnlar peroxy-reacetalization of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety with the nncleophiUc silylperoxide fnnction in precnrsor 330 (Scheme 82) . 

C-H bond unreactive to insertion, 1160 hydroperoxide oxidation, 692 Cardamom peroxide, antimalarial, 190, 191 Cardiac hypertrophy, reactive oxygen species, 611... 

Peppermint, cardamom and fennel used as carminative and flavouring agent. 

Cardamom oil is obtained by steam distillation of the seeds of Elettaria cardamo-mum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae). It is a colorless or very pale yellow liquid with an... 

The major components of cardamom oil are 1,8-cineole and a-terpinyl acetate (ca. 30% each). Trace constituents like unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes may be important for the typical aroma [301-307b]. It is produced from cultivated or wild plants in the mountainous regions of southern India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Guatemala. 

Cardamom oil is used primarily for seasoning foods, alcoholic beverages, and in small dosages also occasionally in perfumery. FCT 1974 (12) p. 837 [8000-66-6], [93062-62-5], [93062-63-6]. 

Cardamom Elettaria cardamo-mum Maton a-Terpinyl acetate (30), 1,8-cineole (30)... 

Cardamom oil 1,8-Cineol, a-terpinyl acetate Baked products... 

Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiheraceae) a-terpineol, a-terpinene... 

Elettaria cardamomum Maton. Yi Zhi Zi (Cluster cardamom) (seed) Phytosterol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, p-cymene, camphene, d-limonene, myrcene, alpha-phellandrene, pinene, sabinene, terpinene, thujone, cineole, camphorm citral, linalol, citronellal, dl-bomeol, citronellol, geraniol, terpineol, sabinene.50 Carminative, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Treat ague, cachexia, dyspepsis, enuresis, gastralgia, nausea, spermatorrhea. 

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