Verruculogen, tremorgenic

Total synthesis of fumitremorgins and verruculogens, tremorgenic my cotoxins— pentacyclic systems with (3-carboline fragments 97H(46)673. 

The structural and biological diversity of naturally occurring endoperoxides is further illustrated by the antimalarial cardamom peroxide (7) containing a 7-membered ring cyclic peroxide moiety , and by the tremorgenic verruculogen (8) containing an 8-membered endoperoxide system (Chart 1) . 

Verruculogen-related compounds are summarized in Fig. (14). In 1982, Uramoto and coworkers reported the isolation and structural elucidation of acetoxyverruculogen (84) from P. verruculosum as a tremorgenic metabolite [58]. 

In 1972, a new tremorgenic mycotoxin was obtained in the United States from a strain of Penicillium verruculosum isolated from peanuts. The toxin was named verruculogen, and a close resemblance to fumitremorgin was evident. Oral administration of this toxin to mice caused tremor and convulsions and the toxin s LD50 was 126.7 mg/kg in mice. Intraperitoneal... 

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