Carcinoma-Associated Antigen

Mucinlike carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA) is a marker for breast carcinoma.  

MCA was identified on the surface of a breast carcinoma cell line by the monoclonal antibody b-12. MCA is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 350 kDa. The epitopes on this molecule are also recognized by DF3 and 115D8 antibodies of the CA 15-3 assay. 

CA 125 is a high molecular mass (greater than 200kDa) glycoprotein recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC 125. It contains 24% carbohydrate and is expressed by epithelial ovarian tumors and other pathological and normal tissues 

Bast and associates developed the MAh OC 125 using a cell line (OVCA 433) from a patient with a serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. The OC 125 clone was selected for its reactivity with the OVCA 433 cell line and for its lack of reactivity with a B-lymphocyte line from the same patient. 

A preoperative CA 125 level of less than 65 kU/L is associated with a significantly greater 5-year survival rate (42%) than is a level greater than 65kU/L (5%). Postoperative CA 125 levels and the rate of decline are also predictors of survival. The half-life of CA 125 is normally 4.8 days. A group of patients with a CA 125 half-life of 22 days responded poorly to chemotherapy as compared with another group with a CA 125 half-life of 9 days. 

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A number of both pre-clinical and clinical studies have used the folate receptor or EBP as a target for immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma [31,32]. Expression of this tumour-associated antigen by normal tissues is restricted [33]. The carcinoma-associated antigen, EGP-2, also called EpCAM, is a 38-kDA transmembrane glycoprotein, present on the majority of simple, stratified and transitional epithelia [34]. The biological function of EGP-2 has not yet been established. 

Verluma (Nofetumomab, murine Mab fragments (Fab) directed against carcinoma-associated antigen)... 

Van Ravenswaay Claasen, H. H., Van de Griend, R. J., Mezzanzanica, D. et al. 1993. Analysis of production, purification and cytolytic potential of bispecific antibodies reactive with ovarian-carcinoma-associated antigens and the T-cell antigen CD3. Int. J. Cancer 55 128-136. 

Ren J, Chen Z, Juan SJ, Yong XY, Pan BR, Fan DM. Detection of circulating gastric carcinoma-associated antigen MG7-Ag in human sera using an established single determinant immuno-polymerase chain reaction technique. Cancer 2000 ... 

LK Sun, P Curtis, E Rekowicz-Szulcyznska, et al. Chimeric antibody with human constant regions and mouse variable region directed against carcinoma-associated antigen 17-1A. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 84 214, 1987. 

Humaspect (Votumumab, human Mab directed against cytokeratin tumour-associated antigen) Organon Teknika Detection of carcinoma of the colon or rectum... 

Layton, G. T., Devine, P. L., Warren, J. A., Birrell, G., Xing, P., Ward, B. G., and McKenzie, 1. F., (1990), Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the breast carcinoma-associated mucin core protein repeat sequence peptide also recognise the ovarian carcinoma-associated sebaceous gland antigen. Tumour Biol. 11, 274-286. 

Meissner, M., Reichert, T. E., Kunkel, M., Gooding, W., Whiteside, T. L., Ferrone, S., and Seliger, B., 2005, Defects in the human leukoc34e antigen class I antigen processing machinery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma association with clinical outcome, Clin. Cancer Res. 11 2552-2560. 

The immunoconjugate of doxorubicin with a chimeric anti-Le -related, tumour-associated antigen expressed on most human carcinomas, was evaluated in phase I [132] and phase II [133] clinical trials. The phase II trial performed in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma showed low clinical response rates. These data together with tumour biopsy analysis suggest that the dose that could be safely administered was insufficient to maintain the intra-tu-... 

Alvarez Errico, D., Medeiros, A., Miguez, M., Casaravilla, C., Malgor, R., Carmona, C., Nieto, A. and Osinaga, E. (2001) O-glycosylation in Echinococcus granulosus identification and characterization of the carcinoma-associated Tn antigen. Experimental Parasitology 98, 100-109. 

Kellner, R., Lichteneels, R., Atkins, D., Bukur,J., Ackermann, a.. Beck, J., Brenner, W., Melchior, S., Seliger, B. (2002). Targeting of tumor-associated antigens in renal cell carcinoma using proteome-based analysis and their clinical significance. Proteomics 2, 1743-1751. 

Reddish MA, Helbrecht N, Almeida AF, et al. Epitope mapping of Mab within the peptide core of the malignant breast carcinoma associated mucin antigen coded for by the human MUC 1 gene. J Tumor Marker Oncol 1992 7 19-27. 

Antitumor responses have been observed with NMT in patients with renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, and other solid tumors. In order to improve on the efficacy seen with NMT, some investigators are evaluating novel approaches to enhance allogeneic immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (if available) such as posttransplant vaccination. 

Plambeck K, Eriedrich RE, Bahlo M, et al. TNM staging, histo-pathological grading, and tumor-associated antigens in patients with a history of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Anticancer Res. 1999 19(4A) 2397-2404. 

Kamisawa T, Fukayama M, Koike M, et al. Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater expression of cancer-associated antigens inversely correlated with prognosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988 83 1118-1123. 

Ohshio G, Ogawa K, Kudo H, et al. Immunohistochemical studies on the localization of cancer associated antigens DU-PAN-2 and CAl 9-9 in carcinomas of the digestive tract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1990 5 25-31. 

Nuti, M., Teramoto, Y.A., Mariani-Costantini, R., Hand, P.H., Colcher, D., and Schlom, J. (1982) A monoclonal antibody (B72.3) defines patterns of distribution of a novel tumor-associated antigen in human mammary carcinoma cell populations, Int J Cancer 29, 539-545. 

Identification of tumour-associated antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma by proteomics... 

Stenner-Liewen, F., Luo, G., Sahin, U., Tureci, O., Koslovski, L, Kautz, L, Liewen, H., and Pfreundschuh, M., 2000, Definition of tumour-associated antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 9 285 -290. 

The GAGE gene family encodes another tumor-associated antigens expressed in many tumors such as malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, and other carcinomas and sarcomas but not in normal tissue with the exception of testicular tissue. 

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