Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity

Bakale G, McCreary RD. 1990. Response of the ke test to NCI/NTP-screened chemicals. I. Nongenotoxic carcinogens and genotoxic noncarcinogens. Carcinogenesis 11 1811-1818. 

McGregor, D. (2000). Carcinogenicity and Genotoxic Carcinogens, in General and Applied Toxicology, 2nd ed. (Ballantyne, B., Marrs, T. and Syversen, T. Eds.). MacMillan, London. 

McGregor D. Carcinogenicity and genotoxic carcinogens. In Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, Syversen T, eds. General and Applied Toxicology. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. London Macmillan, 2000. 

Repeated inhalation of glycidaldehyde by rats resulted in a reduction in nucleated marrow cells and focal necrosis of liver and kidney. Repeated intravenous injections into rabbits lowered the leukocyte count and the proportion of polymorphonuclear cells. It is also irritating to the skin and mucous membranes (IARC, 1976). The carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of glycidaldehyde have been reviewed (Feron et al., 1991). 

The Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity experience database (CGX data base at http //www.lhasalimited.org/). [29]... 

This chapter summarizes the findings on carcinogenicity of jet-propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) presented in the National Research Council report Permissible Exposure Eevelsfor Selected Military Fuel Vapors (NRC 1996) and reviews additional studies on JP-8 and related mixtures, some of which were completed after the 1996 report was published. The studies are summarized in Table 12-1. Because the available data onJP-8 are sparse, the subcommittee also reviewed carcinogenicity and genotoxicity data on some individual components of JP-8 that are identified as major components (by weight percent) or as carcinogens. The subcommittee used the body of available information to assess the carcinogenic potential of JP-8 in humans. 

Mycotoxins are defined as mould derived secondary metabolites, Ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B being the most widely studied. Ochratoxin A (OTA), produced by Aspergillus ochraeus and Penicillium verrucosum, can be found as a contaminant in grain, beer, coffee and meat. OTA is nephrotoxic, carcinogenic and genotoxic [235]. 

In 1998, Abbott (6A01) described the results of the examination of numerous food additives by the World Health Organization. The food additives in this particular study comprised a series of so-called aliphatic lactones. Among the lactones discussed were several that not only are used as foodstuff additives but also occur in tobacco and/or its smoke and several that are used as tobacco additives. The results of several toxicological studies (acute toxicity, short-and long-term toxicity, carcinogenicity) and genotoxic studies on the lactones were described in detail by Abbott. Table Vl-1 presents the results listed by Abbott on those lactones that are used in tobacco products. 

Knopper, L. D., and Lean, D. R.. 5. (2004). Carcinogenic and genotoxic potential of turf pcsticide.s commonly used on golf cour.ses. J. Toxicol. Envimn. Health B7, 267-279. 

Thier, R., and H. M. Bolt. 2000. Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of ethylene oxide new aspects and recent advances. Crit. Rev. Toxicol 30(5) 595-608. 

Toxicology Acetaldehyde is a suspected human carcinogen (A3 animal carcinogen), and genotoxic substance, and an irritant to eye, skin and respiratory tract. Exposure to 130 ppm for 30 minutes, causes mild upper respiratory irritation. Exposure to 50 ppm for 15 minutes, causes mild eye irritation [1]. Exposure to 25 ppm for 15 minutes, causes eye irritation (for sensitive objects) [2],... 

Toxicology Exposure is by inhalation. Vinyl acetate is an irritant (eyes, nose, throat and skin), a suspected carcinogen and genotoxic for animals. lARC concluded that there is limited evidence for animals and inadequate evidence for humans for the carcinogenicity of vinyl acetate [81]. 

In the previous evaluations of substances in this group, studies of acute toxicity, short-term toxicity (84-149 days), carcinogenicity and genotoxicity were available. None raised safety concerns. The data available for this evaluation were supported by those from the previous evaluation. 

Carcinogenic and Genotoxic Effects of Lead in Human Populations... 

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