Carcinogenicity genotoxicity

Purchase, l.P.H. (1994). Current knowledge of mechanisms of carcinogenicity genotoxic vs. non-genotoxic. Human and Experimental Toxicology 13, 17-28. 

Human toxicity Acute effects Carcinogenicity Genotoxicity/mutagenicity Developmental Teratogenicity/mutagenicity Neurotoxicity Endocrine disruption... 

Safety—In vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies (carcinogenicity, genotoxic-... 

Absence of carcinogenity, genotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity and of chronic toxicity effects at low exposure levels are indispensable prerequisites for food additive approvals. All substances approved in the European Union or the USA or deemed generally recognised as safe (GRAS) in the USA fulfil this requirement. 

Forms covalent DNA adduct [carcinogenic, genotoxic, spasmolytic]... 

Scott, D., Galloway, S. M., Marshall, R. R., Ishidate, M., Jr., Brusick, D., Ashby, J., and Myhr, B. C. (1991). International Commission for Protection /Lgainst Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. Genotoxicity under extreme culture conditions. A report from ICPEMC Task Group 9. Mutat Res 257, 147-205. 

Sasaki, Y. F., Izumiyama, F., Nishidate, E., Matsusaka, N., and Tsuda, S. (1997a). Detection of rodent liver carcinogen genotoxicity by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay in multiple mouse organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow). Mutat Res 391, 201-214. 

Combination syncarcinogenesis Two carcinogens acting together Both carcinogens genotoxic... 

Gradelet, S. et al. Modulation of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and metabolism in rat liver by dietary carotenoids evidence for a protective effect of CYPl A inducers. Cancer Lett., 114,221,1997. 

Epigenetic (EDC) carcinogens genotoxic carcinogens. They are not DNA reactive and appear to operate by the production of other biological effects. 

In the previous evaluations of substances in this group, studies of acute toxicity, short-term toxicity (14 days to 14 weeks), long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity were available. None raised safety concerns. The toxicity data available for this evaluation were supported by those from the previous evaluations. 

Major Applications Fuel cells, detecting microorganisms, antibacterial agent, treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis, gynecopathy, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases Safety/Toxicity Bladder toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity," mutagenicity ... 

Safety/Toxicity Carcinogenicity, ° genotoxicity, mutagenicity, neurotoxocity ... 

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