6-Carboxy-fluorescein

Fig. 3 (a) Normalized excitation and emission spectra of 5-(and-6)-carboxy-fluorescein, succini-midyl ester, rhodamine 6G (R6G), and 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine dyes in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, (b) Confocal fluorescence image of a mixture of five types of microsphere-DDSN complexes under 488-nm Argon-ion laser excitation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [12]... 

Permeabilization with carboxyfluorescein-diacetate. 6-carboxy-fluorescein-diacetate (CFDA) is a nonfluorescent, nonpolar reagent which enters the cell freely, where it becomes entrapped following enzymatic conversion to the hydrophilic fluorophore 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF, mw 370). Thus, labeled cells can then be replated onto unlabeled test cells to measure dye transfer via gap junction. This method has been successfully used to measure gap junction communication in early embryo cells (Goodall and Johnson, 1982 Kidder et al., 1987), and also to label tumor cells in culture (Price et al., 1995). We tried to extrapolate it for detection of gap junction formation among cultured cells. 

We also examined the effects of NO donors on the intestinal absorption of calcitonin by using an in situ closed loop method in rats. A significant hypocalcemic effect was observed after the administration of calcitonin and NO donors to the intestinal loops of rats (Fig. 5.3). Similar results were also obtained in the case of 5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein (CF) [27] and insulin. Thus, NO donors may be useful for enhancing the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs (e.g., some peptide biopharmaceuticals), and indeed they may be one of the most ideal enhancers in practical use. 

A range useful of assays can be rapidly carried out using fluorescent labeled DNA. DNA can be synthesized with its 3 and 5 ends tagged with fluorescent dyes, at the 5 end 6-carboxy fluorescein (FAM) the donor, and tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine (TAM) at the 3 end as the acceptor. When the two dyes are in close proximity the fluorescence is quenched, but upon separation the fluorescence is enhanced. Simple melting experiments can be designed to utilize... 

Fluorogenic probe OC-4 (5 [6FAM]ttctcgcacagatccgtcc[TAMRA]-3 ) was custom synthesized by Applied Biosystems (AB). Note 6-carboxy-fluorescein, 6FAM). 

The increased stability, e.g. towards detergents, could also be demonstrated by 6-carboxy-fluorescein (6-CF) entrapped in the vesicles as a marker for the membrane permeability While vesicles of the monomer 119 are even more sensitive toward treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) than those of the saturated analogue dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPPC), the polymerized vesicles show only a small increase in 6-CF permeability up to very high concentrations of the detergent... 

In order to analyse which lipidic compounds are involved in the altered membrane permeability, liposome studies were undertaken Large unilamellar vesicles (80-90 nm LUV) were prepared from purified pollen lipids, employing the technique of repeated extrusion at 500 psi through polycarbonate filters (0 1 /jm pore diameter). The fluorescent dye, 5(6)carboxy-fluorescein (CF), was entrapped during... 

The influence of water on the thickness of the multilayers is also well documented [112,321], Diffusion of radiolabeled salt ions has also been measured [126,315], Voltamperometry showed that PAH/PAA films had little effect on the diffusion of Fe(CN)6 , but that PAH/PSS films could hinder its transport [117], 6-carboxy-fluorescein [97], acridine orange [82], daunomycin [254], 2 -3 cyclic adenosine monophosphate [255], bisulfite [316], and different diazonium salts [148,316] have been shown to permeate deeply in multilayers built by ESA, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) could permeate or not in a superlattice made of anti-IgG layers and PAH/PSS spacer layers, depending on the thickness of the spacer layer. The diffusion constants of rhodamine and of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol-l-oxide (TEMPOL) in PAH/PSS multilayers have been quantified [114,115],... 

Other Names 3, 6 -Diacetyl-2, 7 -dichloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein 6-Carboxy-2, 1 -dichlorofluorescein... 

Murthy, S.N., et al. 2004. Cyclodextrin enhanced transdermal delivery of piroxicam and carboxy-fluorescein by electroporation. J Control Release 99 393. 

Ping et al. have fabricated an integrated microsensor array on a silicon wafer for pH imaging [89]. Six different pH-sensitive colorimetric dyes (methyl violet 6B, phenolic red, alizarin complexone, 5-carboxy-fluorescein, alizarin red and methylthymol blue) were used to cover the whole pH range. The dyes were adsorbed on microbeads and placed in etched microwells on the silicon wafer. The indicator array was also used as a cation sensor chip (see Sect. 2.4). 

Many chemosensor ensembles were reported by Ans-lyn and coworkers. Compound 14, with three gua-nidinium groups displayed in the same direction (Fig. 5). binds to the citrate tricarboxylate anion. Anionic fluorophore 5-carboxy-fluorescein 15 binds with modest affinity to this receptor and shows increased fluorescence intensity due to the decreased pKa of its phenol group. As citrate is added, the fluorophore is displaced from the receptor, and the emission intensity diminishes. The same fluorophore was used in another sensing ensemble for inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), an important second messenger involved in many cell regulatory functions. The fluorophore bound to positively charged hexa-gua-nidinium receptor 16 is displaced by added IP3, and the fluorescence intensity decreases. 

Liposomes are vesicles produced from phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids, etc. In typical liposome immunoassays, a fluorophore, mostly carboxy-fluorescein, is encapsulated in the liposomes. The fluorophore can be released by addition of a lysing component such as serum complement or a surfactant. In several liposome based immunoassay formats the hapten is linked to a cytolysin such as mellitin. After the immunoreaction the only free portion of the conjugate is capable of disrupting the liposomes releasing the fluorophore. 

Mintem, J. Li, M. Davey, G. M. Blanas, E. Kurts, C. Carbone, F. R. Heath, W. R. The use of carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester to determine the site, duration and cell type responsible for antigen presentation in vivo. Immunol. Cell Biol. 1999, 77, 539-543. 

Most xanthene dyes are classified as basic dyes by their method of appHcation acid dyes can be produced by introduction of sulfonic acid groups. The fluoresceins, which contain carboxy and hydroxy substituents, are also acid dyes for coloration of silk. Some of the fluoresceins in which the carboxy group has been esterified, are soluble in alcohol or other organic solvents and can be classified as solvent dyes. Mordant dyes can be produced by introducing o-dihydroxy or sahcyhc acid groups (2), which when metallised can have very good lightfastness. 

Different substituents on the carboxy-functionalized fluorescein can be introduced to produce marked alterations in the absorbance and fluorescence emission wavelengths, as well as in other physical properties. The selective substitution of chlorine for aromatic hydrogen has been found to increase fluorescence efficiency and to narrow emission and absorbance maxima when compared with fluorescein 48, which is useful in multicolor imaging. 

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