Hybrid materials synthesis carbon nanotubes

Applications corrosion protection, EMI shielding, filler to make plastic conductive, materials having electric conductivity, montmorillonite-PANI coated, protection against static electricity, synthesis of carbon black coated by PANI (Eonomer), synthesis of hybrid filler (multiwalled carbon nanotubes+PANI particles) plastics addition of 8-15 wt% lowers surface resistivity of plastics to 1E4-1E9 ohm coatings and inks Perento, J, Polymers in Electronics 2007, Rapra, 2007, paper 5. 

Carbon nanotubes comprise a very promising material for various applications and especially as an active component in composites and hybrids as will be documented in the other chapters of this book. Harnessing these nanoscopic assets in a macroscopic material would maximize CNTs potential and applicability. The choice of synthesis technique and purification method, which define size, type, properties, quality and purity of CNTs as well as their processability, is crucial for their implementation into composites and hybrids. 

Chen, S., et al., Chemical-free synthesis of graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid materials for reversible lithium storage in lithium-ion batteries. Carbon, 2012. 50(12) p. 4557-4565. 

Dong, X., et al., Synthesis of graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid foam and its use as a novel three-dimensional electrode for electrochemical sensing. Journal of Materials Chemistry,... 

A crucial problem connected to carbon nanotube synthesis on supported catalysts on an industrial scale is the purification step required to remove the support and possibly the catalyst from the final material. To avoid this costly operation, the use of CNT- or CNF-supported catalysts to produce CNTs or CNFs has been investigated. Although most catalytic systems are based on nickel supported on CNFs (see Table 9.4), the use of MWCNTs [305,306] or SWCNTs [307] as supports has also been reported. Nickel, iron [304,308-310], and bimetallic Fe-Mo [305] and Ni-Pd [295] catalysts have been used. Compared to the starting CNTs or CNFs, the hybrid materials produced present higher specific surface area [297,308] or improved field emission characteristics [309]. 

D.C, and Wang, Y. (2006) Efficient synthesis of carbon nanotube-nanoparticle hybrids. Advanced Functional Materials, 16 (18), 2431-2437. 

Nethravathi, C., et ah, Hydrothermal synthesis of a monoclinic V02 nanotube-graphene hybrid for use as cathode material in lithium ion batteries. Carbon, 2012. 50(13) p. 4839-4846. 

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