Carbon nanotube -polymers electrically conductive

Fakirov S, Rahman Md Z, Poetschke P, Bhattacharyya D (2014) Single polymer composites of poly(butylene terephthalate) microfibrils loaded with carbon nanotubes exhibiting electrical conductivity and improved mechanical properties. Macromol Mater Eng 299(7) 799-806... 

A speciality of such nanocomposites is the very high surface of well dispersed nanofillers, which results in a very high interfacial area. Here, the behavior of the polymer chains near the interface is influenced by the interaction with the filler, leading to an interphase with new properties which aheady at low amounts of nanofillers can determine the nanocomposite s properties. In addition, quite big effects are observed aheady at quite low filler loadings, especially if the filler has an anistropic shape. As an example, in thermoplastic polymers electrical conductivity can be reached with carbon nanotubes even below 1 wt% addition. 

Alig I, Skipa T, Engel M, Bellinger D, Pegel S and Potschke P (2007) Electrical conductivity recovery in carbon nanotube-polymer composites after transient shear, Phys Status Solidi B 244 4223-4226. 

Peng H and Sun X (2009) Highly aligned carbon nanotube/polymer composites with much improved electrical conductivities, Chem Phys Lett 47 103-105. 

Carbon nanotnbes are regarded as ideal filler materials for polymeric fiber reinforcement dne to their exceptional mechanical properties and cylindrical geometry (nanometer-size diameter). Polymer chains in the vicinity of carbon nanotubes (interphase) have been observed to have a more compact packing, higher orientation, and better mechanical properties than bulk polymers due to the carbon nanotube polymer interaction. The existence of interphase polymers in composite fibers, their strnctnral characterization, and fiber properties are summarized and discussed in the literature (Liu and Satish 2014). Besides improvements in tensile properties, the presence of carbon nanotubes in polymeric fibers also influences other factors (thermal stability, thermal transition temperature, fiber thermal shrinkage, chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity). 

Hida S, Shiga T, Maruyama S, Elliott JA, Shiomi J (2012) Influence of thermal boundary resistance and interfacial phonon scattering on heat conduction of carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Eng Part B 78(787) 634-643 Hilmi Y, Seyhana TA, Servet T, Metin T, Wolfgang B, Karl S (2010) Electric field effects on CNTs/vinyl ester suspensions and the resulting electrical and thermal composite properties. Compos Sci Technol 70(14) 2102-2110... 

Bauhofer W, kovacs JZ (2009) A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 69 1486 Behnam A, Guo J, Ural A (2007) Effects of nanotube alignment and measurement direction on percolation resistivity in single-walled carbon nanotube films. J Appl Phys 102 044313 Berhan L, Sastry SM (2007) Modeling percolation in high-aspect-ratio fiber systems. L Soft-core versus hard-core models. Phys Rev E 75 041120 Berman D, Orr BG, Jaeger HM, Goldman AM (1986) Conductances of filled two-dimensional networks. Phys Rev B 33 4301... 

Penu C, Hu G-H, Fernandez A, Marchal P, Choplin L (2012) Rheological and electrical percolation thresholds of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 52 2173 Pike GE, Seager CH (1974) Percolation and conductivity a computer study. I. Phys Rev B 10 1421... 

In this chapter, recent developments in electrode materials and ionic polymer membranes used for manufacturing IPMCs were reviewed. Although noble metals such as platinum and gold are commonly used for electrodes in water-based systems and applications for their excellent electrochemical properties, also various nonmetallic conductive carbon derivatives are considered as promising alternatives for fabricating dry-type IPMC actuators. These carbon derivatives include nanotubes and nanoporous-activated and carbide-derived carbons. While tiieir electric conductivity... 

Dai, K., X. Ji, Z. D. Xiang, W. Q. Zhang, J. H. Tang, and Z. M. Li. 2012. Electrical properties of an ultralight conductive carbon nanotube/polymer composite foam upon compression. Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 51 304-306. 

In this chapter, the recent advances in the field of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite aerogels and related materials are described. An emphasis is paid to the relationship between the preparation method and the most characteristic properties of these materials such as density, surface area, electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and so forth. 

Silva, (., Ribeiro, S Lanceros-Mendez, S., and Simoes, R. (2011) The influence of matrix mediated hopping conductivity, filler concentration, aspect ratio and orientation on the electrical response of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite. Composite Science and Technology, 643,... 

Carbon nanotubes are also of considerable interest with regard to both reinforcement and possible increases in electrical conductivity [237-239]. There is considerable interest in characterizing the flexibility of these nanotube structures, in minimizing their tendencies to aggregate, and in maximizing their miscibilities with organic and inorganic polymers. 

Meincke O, Kaempfer D, Weickmann H, Friedrich C, Vathauer M, Warth H (2004). Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of carbon-nanotube filled polyamide-6 and its blends with acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene. Polymer 45 739-748. 

Dalmas F, Dendievel R, Chazeau L, Cavaille JY, Gauthier C (2006) Carbon nanotube-filled polymer of electrical conductivity in composites. Numerical simulation three-dimensional entangled fibrous networks. Acta Materialia 54 2923-2931. 

R. H. Schmidt, I. A. Kinloch, A. N. Burgess, A. H. Windle, The effect of aggregation on the electrical conductivity of spin-coated polymer/carbon nanotube composite films, Langmuir, vol. 23, pp. 5707-5712, 2007. 

V. Tishkova, P.-l. Raynal, P. Puech, A. Lonjon, M. Le Fournier, P. Demont, E. Flahaut, W. Bacsa, Electrical conductivity and Raman imaging of double wall carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix, Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 71, pp. 1326-1330, 2011. 

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