Carbide-derived carbons

A. Nikitin and Y. Gogotsi, Nanostructured Carbide-Derived Carbon (CDC), ed. H. S. Nalwa, American Scientific Publishers, 2003. 

Novel, inexpensive synthesis routes for producing materials with precisely controlled nanotexture must be developed to improve the performance of batteries and electrochemical capacitors, as well as to enable new electrochemical applications of carbons. Two alternatives, carbide-derived carbon (CDC) and templated carbon, have shown a promise to offer the requisite control necessary to push device performance to the next level and will be explored in this chapter. 

Cambaz, Z.G., Yushin, G.N., Vyshnyakova, K.L., Pereselentseva, L.N., and Gogotsi, Y. Conservation of shape during formation of carbide-derived carbon on silicon carbide nano-whiskers. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 2006 509-514. 

Nikitin, A. and Gogotsi, Y. Nanostructured carbide derived carbon. In Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, edited by H.S. Nalwa, pp. 553-574. Stevenson Ranch, CA American Scientific Publishers, 2003. 

Yushin, G., Nikitin, A., and Gogotsi, Y. Carbide derived carbon. In Nanomaterials Handbook, edited by Y. Gogotsi, pp. 237-280. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 2006. 

Hoffman, E.N., Carbide-derived carbon from MAX phases and their separation applications. PhD Thesis, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 2006. 

Chmiola, J., Yushin, G., Dash, R.K., Hoffman, E.N., Fischer, J.E., Barsoum, M.W., and Gogotsi, Y. Double-layer capacitance of carbide derived carbons in sulfuric acid. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 8, 2005 A357-A360. 

Weltz, S., McNallan, M., and Gogotsi, Y. Carbon structures in silicon carbide derived carbon. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 179, 2006 11-22. 

Carroll, B., Gogotsi, Y., Kovalchenko, A., Erdemir, A., and McNallan, M. Effect of humidity on the tribological properties of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) films on silicon carbide. Tribo. Lett. 15, 2003 41-44. 

Chmiola, J., Yushin, G., Gogotsi, Y., Portet, C., Simon, P., and Tabema, P.-L. Effect of pore size on electrochemical behavior of carbide derived carbon for supercapacitor applications. In 231st ACS Spring Meeting. Atlanta, GA, 2006. 

Arulepp, M., Leis, J., Latt, M., Miller, F., Rumma, K., Lust, E., and Burke, A.F. The advanced carbide-derived carbon based supercapacitor. J. Power Sources 162, 2006 1460-1466. 

Janes, A., Permann, L., Arulepp, M., and Lust, E. Electrochemical characteristics of nanoporous carbide-derived carbon materials in non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Electrochem. Commun. 6, 2004 313-318. 

Janes, A. Synthesis and characterization of nanoporous carbide-derived carbon by chlorination of vanadium carbide. Carbon 45, 2007 2717-2722. 

To optimize the device volumetric capacitance density, once the DLC geometric parameters such as the cell size, the electrode thickness, and width have been fixed, the development efforts must be concentrated on the research of the carbon performance. Typical commercial carbons [18] have a capacitance density in the range of 50F/cm3. Their capacitance specific density is in the range of 100 F/g. Among the best-performing carbons available, there are those derived from metal carbide (carbide derived carbon [CDC]) [19,20], They may reach a capacitance density of 130-140F/g. At that point, to avoid confusion, it is worth mentioning the difference between carbon or electrode capacitance and DLC capacitance. The later is exactly four times smaller because of the series connection of two electrodes whose volume is half of the total electrode volume. 

Arulepp M, Leis J, Latt M, Miller F, Rumma K, Lust E, Burke AF. The advanced carbide-derived carbon based supercapacitor. Journal of Power Sources 2006 162 1460-1466. 

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