Carbon monoxide indoor pollutant

The second example of an air pollutant that affects the total body burden is carbon monoxide (CO). In addihon to CO in ambient air, there are other sources for inhalation. People who smoke have an elevated CO body burden compared to nonsmokers. Individuals indoors may be exposed to elevated levels of CO from incomplete combustion in heating or cooking stoves. CO gas enters the human body by inhalation and is absorbed directly into the bloodstream the total body burden resides in the circulatory system. The human body also produces CO by breakdown of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin breakdown gives every individual a baseline level of CO in the circulatory system. As the result of these factors, the body burden can fluctuate over a time scale of hours. 

Air/liquid (A/L) interface, adsorption of surfactants at, 24 133-138 Air mass zero (AMO) spectrum, 23 37 Air monitoring, for hydrazine, 13 589 Air oxidized pan, 11 194 Air-path XRF, in fine art examination/ conservation, 11 403—404 Air pollutants. See also Nitrogen oxides (NO j Particulate matter Sulfur oxides (SOJ Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) air toxics, 1 789, 801-802 carbon monoxide, 1 789, 798 common, 26 667 criteria pollutants, l 813t indoor, 1 802-805, 820-823, 821t lead, 1 789, 801... 

Strengths 1. Effective against the complete range of indoor air pollutants including organic- bio-aerosols, VOCs, odors and carbon monoxide 2. New advanced technology 3. Inexpensive material 4. Easy to manufacture. Weaknesses 1. Unable to remedy inorganic aerosols 2. Low clean air delivery rate (< 100 cfm) 3. Produces carbon dioxide. 

The indoor air quality appliance must have better than ninety percent efficient in removing airborne particulates, bioaerosols (i.e., airborne bacteria and fungi spores), carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and odors. It must meet or exceed the industry s standards in performance and safety. The product must be able to maintain the pollutants in indoor air at below government IAQ standards and must not emit or produce harmful secondary pollutions during... 

Mumford JL, Williams RW, Walsh DB, et al. 1991. Indoor air pollutants from unvented kerosene heater emissions in mobile homes Studies on particles, semivolatile organics, carbon monoxide, and mutagenicity. Environ Sci Technol 25(10) 1732-1738. 

Industrial activity has polluted the outdoor air with a number of chemicals known to be hazardous to human health. These include a variety of gases, such as carbon monoxide, ozone, and the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. Unacceptable levels of air pollutants can occur indoors as well. While some of these pollutants may be the same as for the outdoor air, they also include biological... 

Heaters that are not vented to the exterior have the potential to act as indoor pollutant sources, especially gas heaters. While emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide have received investigation for more than a decade, it has been found that low-NOx unflued gas heaters can act as sources of formaldehyde to indoor air (Brown, Mahoney and Cheng, 2004). Table 16.10 summarizes volatile organic emissions from an unflued gas heater (A) where it was apparent... 

High levels of indoor air pollutants result from the use of either open fires or poorly functioning stoves to bum biomass or coal (Ezzati Kammen, 2001). Women, especially those responsible for cooking, are the ones most heavily exposed. Young children who spend their time close to their mothers also have high exposures (Bruce et al., 2000). Many of the substances in smoke from either biomass or coal burning can be hazardous to humans. The most important are suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, sulfur oxides (coal), formaldehyde, and PAHs (Bruce et al., 2000 Smith et al., 2000). 

Environmental criteria have been established for many of these, but the utility and applicability of such criteria for indoor environments is controversial for at least four reasons. Eor example, the goals of the threshold limit values often do not include preventing irritation, a primary concern in indoor environments with requirements for close eye work at video display terminals. For most of the pollutant categories, the problem of interactions, commonly termed the multiple contaminants problem , remains inadequately defined. Even for agents that are thought to affect the same receptor, such as aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, no prediction models are well established. Finally, the definition of representative compounds for measurement is unclear. That is, pollutants must be measurable, but complex mixtures vary in their composition. It is unclear whether the chronic residual odor annoyance from environmental tobacco smoke correlates better with nicotine, particulates, carbon monoxide, or other pollutants. The measure total volatile organic compounds is meanwhile... 

Difficult as it is to avoid air pollution outdoors, it is no easier to avoid indoor pollution. The air quality in homes and in the workplace is affected by human activities, by construction materials, and by other factors in our immediate environment. The common indoor pollutants are radon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde. 

Indoor air pollution is caused by radon, a radioactive gas formed during uranium decay carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, products of combustion and formaldehyde, a volatile organic substance released from resins used in construction materials. 

The role of CO as an indoor air Carbon monoxide is used in metallurgical process for extracting nickel (see p. 810), in pollutant is discussed on p. 718. organic synthesis, and in the production of hydrocarbon fuels with hydrogen. 

Finally, we consider some examples of indoor pollutants such as radon, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde. (17.8)... 

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