Irritant prevention

Skin contact is particularly hazardous because the absence of signs of immediate irritation prevents any warning when the skin is wetted by the substance. ... 

Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, Davis JP, Field SO, Hanchar AJ. Mild irritants prevent gastric necrosis through adaptive cytoprotection mediated by prostaglandins. Am J Physiol 1983 245(1) G113-21. 

NMP was shown to enhance the percutaneous absorption of mefenamic add and bupranolol in vivo in rabbits (Naito et al., 1985 Ogiso et al., 2001). In humans, NMP and 2-pyrrolidone were shown to cause skin irritation while increasing the bioavailabihty of betamethasone-17-benzoate (Barry etal., 1984 Bramet etal., 1985). Even though they are effective, the skin irritation prevents the widespread use of these agents in transdermal systems (SasaM et al., 1990a). 

Toxicology Primary eye irritant prevent inh. and direct contact with eyes and skin TSCA listed Precaution Incompat. with strong oxidants Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic vapors of NOx, Na02, SOx Storage Store in cool, dry place keep container closed when not in use Uses Dye for wool, silk, polyamide Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com Acid blue 45... 

Anesthesia. Materials that have unquestionable anesthetic properties are chloral hydrate [302-17-0] paraldehyde, dimethoxymethane [109-87-5] and acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. In iadustrial exposures, however, any action as an anesthesia is overshadowed by effects as a primary irritant, which prevent voluntary inhalation of any significant quantities. The small quantities which can be tolerated by inhalation are usually metabolized so rapidly that no anesthetic symptoms occur. 

Extreme caution must be taken to prevent the possibility of fire when using flammable removers. Extra care must be taken when stripping on location to secure the area of ignition sources. When used on lacquer finishes, the dissolved finish and remover combined are extremely flammable. Natural mbber, neoprene, or other gloves suitable for use with the remover formula must be worn. The effect of skin contact with the remover is limited because there is immediate irritation and discomfort. Canister respirators are available for most petroleum and oxygenate remover solvents. Symptoms of long-term overexposure should be compared to symptoms of the major ingredients in the formula. 

Skin Irritation. Fine broken filaments often irritate the skin, occasionally causing transient itching and rashes. The back of hands and wrists and neck areas tend to be most sensitive. Protective clothing and barrier skin creams help prevent the fiber from reaching the skin and causing discomfort. 

Toxicity of 2-Ghloroethanol. Ethylene chlorohydrin is an irritant and is toxic to the Hver, kidneys, and central nervous system. In addition, it is rapidly absorbed through the skin (73). The vapor is not sufficiently irritating to the eyes and respiratory mucous membranes to prevent serious systemic poisoning. Contact of the Hquid in the eyes of rabbits causes moderately severe injury, but in humans corneal bums have been known to heal within 48 hours. Several human fataUties have resulted from inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion. One fatahty was caused by exposure to an estimated 300 ppm in air for 2.25 hours. In another fatal case, autopsy revealed pulmonary edema and damage to the Hver, kidneys, and brain (73). 

Contact or ingestion of cyanamide must be avoided, and precautions taken to prevent inhalation of dust or spray mist. In rat studies cyanamide-100 toxicity ranges from a single oral dose LD q of 280 mg/kg to a single dermal dose LD q of 590 (420—820) mg/kg. The compound is, therefore, considered to be moderately toxic both by ingestion in single doses and by single-skin appHcations. An aqueous paste of the product is corrosive to rabbit skin. Small quantities of the dry product produced severe irritation when introduced into the conjunctival sac of the rabbit eye. 

The so-called El-emission class describes a wood panel presenting formaldehyde emission which is low enough to prevent any danger, irritation or inflammation of the eyes, nose and mouth mucous membranes. However, it is important that not only the boards themselves, but also the veneering and carpenter s adhesive resins, laquers, varnishes and other sources of formaldehyde are under control, since they also might contribute to the mixture steady state formaldehyde concentration [9]. Table 3 gives an overview on some European regulations. However, it is necessary here to introduce the principal types of composite wood products, especially panels, that are produced in this industry ... 

Health EBizards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Organic canister or air pack rubber gloves, goggles other protective equipment as required to prevent all body contact Symptoms Following Exposure Vapors are quite irritating to eyes, nose and throat. Eye irritation may... 

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