Closing time

Consider a body undergoing a smooth homogeneous admissible motion. In the closed time interval [fj, fj] with < fj, let the motion be such that the material particle velocity v(t) and deformation gradient /"(t), and hence (r), and p(r), have the same values at times tj and tj. Such a finite smooth closed cycle of homogeneous deformation will be denoted by tj). Consider an arbitrary region in the body of volume which has a smooth closed boundary of surface area with outward unit normal vector n. The work W done by the stress s on and by the body force A in during... 

Driving units shut down by closing the main stop valve and the steam turbine regulating valves and at the same time closing the butterfly valve upstream of the expander (closing time 2-3 sec)... 

Fig. 10. Effect of press closing rate variation of counterpressure and temperature increase as a function of pressing time in the core layer of an OSB panel at a press closing time of 50 s.

The press closing time also influences the relative densifications of the surface and core layers of the wood mat during pressing (Figs. 9 and 10). Fig. 11 details the density profile of the particleboard panels prepared at short and longer press closing times [226]. The two cases differ in several aspects. (1) A short... 

Fig. 11. Laboratory OSB board density profile as a function of board thickness when using 10 s and 50 s press closing times. Note the much higher peaks of surface density for the 10 s case, and the more even density profile for the slower press closing time.

The initial moisture content is a determinant factor in the rate of heat transfer to the center of the core mat [226,227]. At short press closing times the rapid temperature rise occurs at the same time for both lower and higher moisture content percentages indicating that the steam condensation front reaches the core at the same rate and that this is then determined more by local permeability rather than local moisture content. The slope of the rise is similar as it is the balance of horizontal and vertical permeability which controls the rate of steam flow to the core layer. Furthermore, water remains in the surface layer in a quantity such as... 

EIVS should close quickly but not too quickly, or they may produce hammer pressures in the pipework, especially if the valves are located in long lines. An extra 30 seconds closing time is unlikely to be serious. Similarly, EIVs should not open too quickly. If there is a control valve in the pipework, it should also be closed to back up the EIV afterward, it should be opened last, as it will open slowly [17]. 

The number and quality of the safety shut-off valves required is specified in the relevant Standards and Codes of Practice. These are usually electrically operated valves conforming to class 1 or class 2 as defined in BS 5963, Specification for electrically-operated automatic gas shutoff valves (1981). This specifies forward pressures and reverse pressures that the valve must withstand in the closed position together with closing times. 

Valves other than electrically operated (e.g. pneumatically operated ball valves) are equally acceptable if the pressure and closing time requirements of BS 5963 are met. 

Adjustable setting for predetermined opening and closing times of valve... 

Clamp Opening Time Clamp Closing Time Clamp Open Time Hold Timer Setting... 

From Eq. (6.2), the mean open time is predicted to be the reciprocal of the rate constant for channel closing (xopen = 1/a). For bursts recorded at very low agonist concentrations, the mean closed time within bursts, xg, is equal to 1/( 3 + 2k 2), and the mean number of gaps per burst, N, is equal to 3/2 2. Using these two simultaneous equations, it is then possible to calculate (3 and k 2. 

To describe nonequilibrium phase transitions, there have been developed many methods such as the closed-time path integral by Schwinger and Keldysh (J. Schwinger et.al., 1961), the Hartree-Fock or mean field method (A. Ringwald, 1987), and the l/lV-expansion method (F. Cooper et.al., 1997 2000). In this talk, we shall employ the so-called Liouville-von Neumann (LvN) method to describe nonequilibrium phase transitions (S.P. Kim et.al., 2000 2002 2001 S.P. Kim et.al., 2003). The LvN method is a canonical method that first finds invariant operators for the quantum LvN equation and then solves exactly the... 

While planning my response, I nibbled appreciatively on a mouthful of Mama Angeli s delicious Taglierini noodles. I had told Violetta that any connection between the death of her friend Luda and the patrician s deathbed appeal had to be an impossible coincidence. Now it was starting to look like no more than close timing. 

Another parameter that can be minimized is the cycle-time this is achieved, for example, by reducing the loading- and unloading times with an automation system, or the opening- and closing times with interrupted threads in the tap. 

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