Diabetes steroid

Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone. Following the discovery of the antiinflammatory actions of cortisone (1) and cortisol (2), there was a need not only to develop highly efficient routes to the corticoids, but to discover novel stmctures with fewer side effects than those of the corticoids, eg, sodium and water retention, reduced carbohydrate tolerance (steroid diabetes), osteoporosis, and depressed host defense. 

Tolrestat (28) is a long-acang aldose reductase inhibitor useful in the prophylaxis of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cataracts [24 25] Lastly, the intro-ducuon of fluorine into steroids probably ushered in the modem era of fluonnated drugs Many commercial products were introduced [2] Typical of the products are the anti inflammatory glucocorticoids dexamethasone (29 X = F, Y = H), para-methasone (29, X = H, Y = F), and flumethasone (29, X = H, Y = F)... 

National High Blood Pressure Education Program noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug peripheral resistance... 

Steroids have mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects. Betamethasone has little, if any, mineralocorticoid effect. However, it should be used with caution in patients predisposed to hypertension since mineralocorticoid effects may lead to sodium and water retention and an increase in blood pressure. When used systemically, especially at high doses, steroid therapy is associated with a risk of psychiatric reactions such as euphoria, irritability, mood lability and sleep disorders. Glucocorticoid side-effects include diabetes and osteoporosis. 

Nandrolone facilitates formation of body muscle mass and strengthens the process of osseous tissue development. The main indications for using nandrolone, as well as other anabolic steroids, are abnormal protein anabolism, asthenia, diseases accompanied by protein loss, adrenal insufficiency, steroid diabetes, and prolonged condition of sluggishness. Synonyms of this drug used in the form of acid esters are retabolil, fenobolin, eubolin, and many others. 

Endocrine diseases and their treatment have a major impact on health throughout the world, particularly in terms of diabetes, thyroid disease, steroid therapy, and control of fertility. Most endocrine therapy is simple and relatively cheap, but a clear understanding of their actions and uses is essential for safe and cost-effective treatment. In this chapter we will focus mainly on well established and validated endocrine therapies that are widely used throughout the world, with briefer mention of drugs that have recently been introduced. In the sections that follow we outline the major issues in the current clinical pharmacology of endocrine disease, covering each of the major endocrine systems in turn. 

After a decrease in the importance of steroids in the field of drug research during the last 20 years, a renewal is now being observed. Recently, some fluorinated and fluoroalkylated steroids have been launched or are in advanced phases of clinical development, such as the dutasteride (5a-reductase inhibitor), CCD-3693 (GABA agonist), fulvestrant and antiprogestine (antihormone), and fluasterone (diabetes) (Figure 4.14). Details on the synthesis on these compounds can be found in Chapter 8. 

Contraindications Bleeding warts, moles, birthmarks, or unusual warts with hair diabetes poor blood circulation steroid use hypersensitivity to podofilox or any component of its formulation... 

What is the status of the underlying medical condition Has the syndrome resolved, such as in the case of a delirium, the anxious anticipatory response to a procedure, or steroid boost for organ rejection or is the medical illness chronic (e.g., HIV or diabetes mellitus) ... 

---