Carbohydrates animal starch

Carbohydrates Sugars, starch, cellulose Structural components of plant cells easily released energy storage in plants and animals Sugars in fruits starch and cellulose in plants glycogen in animals below 1... 

Glycogen. Also known as animal starch, this is a white solid, soluble in waler, specific rotatory power +197°, with iodine in alcohol or potassium iodide solution, forming brown color. Glycogen is found as reserve carbohydrates in the animal body, more particularly in the liver. Horse flesh, oysters and beef are sources of glycogen,... 

Many life-forms have developed to require a specific proportion of oxygen in the air. Animals in particular require oxygen for respiration, and they exhale carbon dioxide. Plants in sunlight take in carbon dioxide and moisture, and synthesise carbohydrates - sugar, starch and cellulose from these. Ideally, photosynthesis and respiration are in equilibrium. 

Use Rapid determination of sugar in body fluids, and of animal starch in liver tissue general reagent for carbohydrates organic synthesis. 

Glycogen. Animal starch liver starch. (C6H1Q-Oj) niol wt from about 2.7 X 10 to 3.5 X 10. Reserve carbohydrate of the animal organism. High molecular wi polymer having branched-chain structure composed of D-... 

Different other wastes can also be considered [27], such as carbohydrates molasses, starch and whey [69], cellulose hydrolysates [e.g., paper industry waste) alcohols wastes from biodiesel production, methanol plus glycerol, methanol fats and oils lipids from plant and animal wastes organic acids lactic acid from the dairy industry. 

Glycogen is the reserve carbohydrate of the animal kingdom and is often called animal starch. Glycogen is formed in the body by polymerization of glucose and is stored especially in the liver and in muscle tissue. Glycogen also occurs in some insects and lower plants including fungi and yeasts. 

Glycogen, also called animal starch or liver starch, is the quick-acting carbohydrate reserve in mammals, including humans. Glycogen has a molar mass between 270,000 and 3,500,000 g/mol and resembles amylopectin. It is found in the liver of mammals and in rested muscle. When muscle activity occurs, glycogen is converted back to glucose 1-phosphate, which is then used for energy. 

GLYCOGEN, or animal starch, is found principally in liver and muscle, and also in other animal tissues, in all foetal tissues, in many fungi, but never in green plants. It is a rapidly mobilised carbohydrate, and is an essential constituent of the muscular machine. Glycogen closely resembles a higher dextrin. It is a white, water-soluble powder, [a] = 196 6°. It gives a mahogany red with... 

Nevertheless, having shown that the senun cholesterol concentration can be exchanged by the type of carbohydrate eaten the possible mechanisms whereby this is achieved must be considered. One possibility that has been explored is that the rate of secretion and composition of bile is affected. In 1919 it was discovered that sucrose, in the diet of dogs with a bile fistula, suppressed bile acid excretion (Foster et al., 1919) and this was found to be true in rats where both sucrose and dextrose decreased cholic acid in the bile whereas cornstarch did not affect the level (Portman et al., 1955). The half-life of cholic acid was also influenced by the type of dietary carbohydrate (Portman and Murphy, 1958). In a series of experiments on hamsters it has been shown that young animals on a fat-free diet have a marked tendency to form cholesterol gallstones when the dietary carbohydrate was dextrose and showed no such tendency when the carbohydrate was starch (Dam and Christensen, 1961). 

Most carbohydrates exist in the form of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides give stmcture to the cell walls of land plants (cellulose), seaweeds, and some microorganisms and store energy (starch in plants and glycogen in animals). They are important in the human diet and in many commercial apphcations. 

Glycogen is the major storage carbohydrate in animals, corresponding to starch in plants it is a branched polymer of a-D-glucose. It occurs mainly in liver (up to 6%) and muscle, where it rarely exceeds 1%. However, because of its greater mass, muscle contains about three to four times as much glycogen as does liver (Table 18—1). 

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