Cellulose hydrolysate

Ghose TK, Tyagi RD (1979), Rapid ethanol fermentation of cellulose hydrolysate. II. Product and substrate inhibition and optimization of fermentor design, Biotech-nol. Bioeng. 21 1401-1420. 

Taguchi, F., Yamada, K., Hasegawa, K., Taki-Saito, T. and Hara, K. (1996). Continuous hydrogen production by Clostridium sp. strain No.2 from cellulose hydrolysate in an aqueous two-phase system. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 82, 80-83. 

Fig. 7. Fermentation of hemicellulose-cellulose hydrolysate to ethanol from corn cob using Saccharomyces 1400 (pLNH33) [61]...

Polyurethanes. Polyester base polyurethanes were reported to support fungal growth better than polyether base polyurethanes (15). Polyurethanes derived from cellulose hydrolysates were degraded by cellusin... 

Different other wastes can also be considered [27], such as carbohydrates molasses, starch and whey [69], cellulose hydrolysates [e.g., paper industry waste) alcohols wastes from biodiesel production, methanol plus glycerol, methanol fats and oils lipids from plant and animal wastes organic acids lactic acid from the dairy industry. 

Figure 6 A section of cross peaks in the HOHAHA spectrum of the ethyl cellulose hydrolysate...

Figure 10.396 Determination of monosaccharides in a cellulose hydrolysate. Separator column CarboPac PA1 eluent 1 mmol/L KOH (EG) flow rate 1 mL/mln detection pulsed amper-ometry on a gold working electrode peaks (1) glucose, (2) xylose, and (3) mannose.

Pan W, Perrotta JA, Stipanovic AJ, Nomura CT, Nakas JP (2012) Production of polyhydroxy-alkanoates by Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759 using a detoxified sugar maple hemi-cellulosic hydrolysate. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 39(3) 459-469 Parisi F (1989) Advances in lignocellulosics hydrolysis and in the utilization of the hydrolyzates. In Fiechter A (ed) Advances in biochemical engineering biotechnology, vol 38. Springer, Berlin... 

If a fermentation process is used for PHA synthesis this problem can partially be overcome by using cheap surplus and waste materials as renewable carbon sources (e.g. molasses, whey, cellulose hydrolysate) or other cheap carbon sources from fossil resources like methanol derived from natural gas, because roughly 50% of the total production costs derive from the carbon source costs. Unfortunately many of the well known production strains can not be used for PHA production from such substrates, because these microbial strains show either low yields or low production rates, when they grow on these substrates, or they simply cannot utilize these carbon sources at all. These drawbacks can be overcome either by isolating new microbial strains or by applying genetically modified strains for the production process. 

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