Carbohydrate polymers Cellulose acetate

S.-J. Lee, C. Altaner, J. Puls, and B. Saake, Determination of the substituent distribution along cellulose acetate chains as revealed by enzymatic and chemical methods, Carbohydr. Polym., 54 (2003) 353-362. 

Chang PR, Jian R, Zheng P et al (2010) Preparation and properties of glycerol plasticized-starch (GPS)/cellulose nanoparticle (CN) composites. Carbohydr Polym 79 301-305 Chauve G, Heux L, Arouini R et al (2005) Cellulose poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) nanocomposites studied by molecular modeling and mechanical spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 6 2025-2031... 

Siqueira G, Bras J, Dufresne A (2010) Cellulosic bionanocomposites a review of preparation, properties and applications. Polymers 2 728-765 Son WK, Youk JH, Lee TS, Park WH (2004) Preparation of antimicrobial ultrafine cellulose acetate fibers with silver nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 25 1632-1637 Son WK, Youk JH, Park WH (2006) Antimicrobial cellulose acetate nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 65 430-434... 

Liu H, Hsieh Y-L (2002) Ultrafine fibrous cellulose membranes from electrospinning of cellulose acetate. J Polym Sci, Part B Polym Phys 40(18) 2119-2129. doi 10.1002/polb.10261 Liu Y, Kim H-1 (2012) Characterization and antibacterial properties of genipin-crosslinked chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol)/ZnO/Ag nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 89(1) 111-116. doi 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.058... 

S. Anitha, B. Brabu, D. John Thiruvadigal, C. Gopalakrishnan, and T.S. Natarajan, Optical, bactericidal and water repellent properties of electros-pun nano-composite membranes of cellulose acetate and ZnO, Carbohydrate Polymers 97, 856-863 (2013). 

Cao, Y., Wu, J., Meng, T., Zhang, J., He, J., Li, H. Zhang, Y. (2007). Acetone-Soluble Cellulose Acetates Prepared by One-Step Homogeneous Acetylation of Comhusk Cellulose in an Ionic Liquid l-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride (AmimCl), Carbohydrate Polymers, 69, pp. 665-672... 

Nanoincorporation of layered double hydroxides into a miscible blend system of cellulose acetate with poly(acryloyl morpholine). Carbohydr. Polym., 93 (1), 331-338. 

Biswas, A., Saha, B.C., Lawton, J.W., Shogren, R.L., and Willett, J.L. (2006) Process for obtaining cellulose acetate from agricultural by-products. Carbohydr. Polym., 64, 134—137. 

Tsioptsias, C., Sakellariou, K.G., Tsivintzelis, I., Papadopoulou, L., Panayiotou, C., 2010. Preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate-Fe203 composite nanofibrous materials. Carbohydrate Polymers 81, 925—930. 

Shaikh, H., Pandare, K., Nair, G., and Varma, A. [2009]. Utilization of sugarcane bagasse cellulose for producing cellulose acetates Novel use of residual hemicellulose as plasticizer. Carbohydr. Polym., 76 [1-2], 23-29. 

Son, W. K., Youk, J. H. Park, W. H. (2006). Antimicrobial cellulose acetate nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 65(4), 430-434. 

Zhang, L. Hsieh, Y. L. (2008). Ultra-line cellulose acetate/poly(ethylene oxide) bicomponent fibers. Carbohydrate Polymers, 71(2), 196-207. 

The main direction of research now appears to be toward the utilization of wood by-products. Wood generally contains from 50-60% cellulose, 20-30% lignin, 10-20% pentosans, 0-7% mannans and some acetyl linkages (usually 0.5-2% acetic acid) (48). This wide assortment of carbohydrates is of interest to ruminant nutritionists for at least three reasons. Ruminants need a source of readily available energy, usually obtained as hexoses derived from soluble carbohydrates. Most forages contain pentosans or hemicelluloses, but no reliable concentrated pure source of these materials is available and until recently it was not possible to obtain enough to evaluate the utility of these products in defined rations. Finally, the possibility of producing polymers from feed material is attractive. 

Water-soluble polymeric compounds. These can be natural or modified natural products such as gelatine, starch, or carbohydrate derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, or salts of carboxymethyl cellulose. Synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), sodium salts of poly(acrylic acids), methacrylic acids, and copolymers thereof are widely used in quantities between 0.1 and 1% related to the aqueous phase. 

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