Carbohydrate cellulose

Lignocellulose biomass is a mixture of phenolic lignin and carbohydrates -cellulose and hemi-cellulose. It grows abundantly on earth and is largely available as agricultural and forestry residues. Lignocellulose can be converted via four major routes pyrolysis, gasification, hydrolysis and fermentation. 

Holocellulose Cellulosic material obtainable from wood after removal of lignin. The term therefore means total carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) present in the wood (Refs 1 2) Ritter (Ref 3) succeded in isolating holocellulose from wood pulp by repeated chlori-nations, followed by extraction with alcohol containing 3% of monoethanolamine. The resulting product was white but changed color on standing... 

Like all carbohydrates, cellulose possesses the clearly marked prominent properties of an alcohol owing to the presence of hydroxyl (alcoholic) groups. The presence of those groups explains the ability of cellulose to form esters with nitric acid and with acetic acid which have attained great practical importance, and also with sulphuric, phosphoric and different organic adds, as well as the formation of cellulose ethers. 

Existing lal mimelies are either carbohydrate-, cellulosic (fiber)-, protein-, or gum based. 

Heating the wood also results in the formation of carbohydrate (cellulose and hemicellulose) breakdown products, e.g., the furanic derivatives furfural, 5-methyl-furfural, furfuryl alcohol, etc. (Chatonnet 1998). 

The presence of the complex carbohydrates provides the environment with a viscous hydrogel structure water removal gradually yields a mass of bacteria bound by undigested carbohydrates (celluloses) to form the stool. The presence of a hydrogel softens the mass and also provides water for dissolution. Carbon dioxide release is also a fermentation product, and if the redox potential is sufficiently low, bacteria can produce methane and hydrogen that can be detected in the breath particularly after the ingestion of pulses. In the upright position, the gas will rise to the transverse colon It is estimated that an adult produces approximately 2-3 L per day on 20 g fermentable fibre (most of which is eliminated in the breath). ... 

The giant molecules are the stuff of life our muscles, skin and hair are protein fibres beneath our skin, giant molecules of lipid are laid down in layers of subcutaneous fat around us, the bark of trees and the stems of plants are long, close-packed molecules of the carbohydrate cellulose. The feel of a living thing is the feel of a complex meshwork of interacting macromolecules. 

Polysaccharides. See also, Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Dextran, Dextrins, Fructans, Glycogen, Glycosiduronic acids (poly-), Pectin materials. Starch, and Xylan. 

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