Capsules design

TFEt Tetryl 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl-/S,j8,j8 trifluoroethylnitramine are reported by Avrami et al (Ref 2). Their behavior at different exposure levels is compared with the behavior of the parent compds, TNB TNT RDX HMX are also included as controls. The determinations made on each expl were wt loss, vacuum, stability, mp, IR spectra, DTA, TGA, impact sensitivity, expln temp, and rate of detonation as a function of total gamma exposure. A brief description of the expln-containment irradiation capsule designed used in these studies is also given... 

Different types of capsule pipelines require different capsule designs. Information on designing capsules for PCP can be found in Refs. and from the vendors of PCP for HCP it can be found in Ref.. Usually, several PCP capsules are linked together to form a train, and there are usually more than one train moving through the pipe at any time. In contrast, HCP capsules are not linked—they operate better without being linked because collision between capsules is not a problem for HCP. 

The tests of a capsule design may be performed with simulated radioactive material. The term simulated means a facsimile of a radioactive sealed source, the capsule of which has the same construction and is made with exactly the same materials as those of the sealed sonrce that it represents, but contains, in place of the radioactive material, a substance with mechanical, physical and chemical properties as close as possible to those of the radioactive material and containing radioactive material of tracer quantities only. The tracer should be in a form soluble in a solvent which does not attack the capsule. One procedure described in ISO 2919 [1] utilizes either 2 MBq of Sr-90 and Y-90 as soluble salt, or 1 MBq of Co-60 as soluble salt. When possible, shorter lived nnclides should be used. However, if leaching assessment techniqnes are used, care needs to be taken when interpreting the results. The effects of scaling will have to be introduced, the importance of which will depend upon the maximum activity to be contained within the capsule and also the physical form of the intended capsule contents, particularly the solubility of the intended capsule contents as compared with the tracer radionuclide. These problems can be avoided if volumetric leakage tests are used (see paras 603.3 and 603.4). Typically, tests for special form radioactive material are performed on full scale sealed sources or indispersible soUd material because these are not expensive and the results of the tests are easy to interpret. 

Capsule designs vary by nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) vendor (e.g., Westinghouse, B W or C-E). However, all share the some common design considerations, which include ... 

When encapsulating tablets for blind studies, the tablet containing the active substance is concealed in a capsule designed for clinical trials. Tablet as a whole may, or may not be embedded in powder that has been placed previously into a capsule shell. 

Foiiow the generai directions of SOP F08-1 Capsules, design composition if it concerns a new preparation. The soivent method is preferably used for mixtures with very unfavourable mixing ratios (< 5 mg active substance). The method needs careful testing and validation. 

Microcapsules are present in a number of personal care and cosmetic products (80). For example, deodorants may contain capsules that release their core contents due to moisture developed because of sweating. Microcapsules are incorporated in various cosmetic creams, powders, and personal cleansing products. Kiyama (81) summarizes the preparation and use of poy(vinyl alcohol) microcapsules in cosmetic products. Miyazawa and co-workers (82) describe the formation of agar capsules designed for cosmetic use. They note that residual glutaraldehyde in capsules with gelatin shells formed by complex coacervation may be an issue for microcapsules intended for cosmetic applications. 

The effect of a boiling-condensing liquid metal on its container material is most easily studied in a refluxing capsule experiment. The capsule design illustrated in Fig. 11 was used for evaluating the effect of refluxing potassium on refractory metals. A 300 mm capsule containing machined insert specimens in the condenser section was half filled with potassium and heated. Liquid metal vaporizes, condenses in the water-cooled upper section of the capsule, and... 

Bisnmth inventory. The primary system volumes for PB/Pt = 0.HS and 0.50 are ha. ed on a six-loop capsule design. Each loop contains a bismuth inventory of 245 ft . If 50% of the power is generated in the blanket, three loops contain blanket slurry and three contain U-Bi core solution. If niie-third of the power originates in the blanket, two loops are devoted to the l>lanket. system and four to the core system. If only 10% of the total I)uu er is generated in the blanket, a three-loop design is assumed for the cure sy-rem. and two small loops of 125 ft each are used for the blanket. The real tor holdup has been estimated from the reactor drawing in Fig. 24-4 Fuel inventory volumes are summarized in Table 24-3. 

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