Capability Definition Phase

From 1994 to 1999, the L125 project was in the Capability Definition Phase (Phase 1), with DSTO providing predominantly Operations Research (OR) support to define the scope and the feasibility of the project in order to demonstrate that L125 was both needed and viable. As mnch SCS-relevant technology was still considered too immature, the S T effort focused on developing a methodology to assess the effect on dismounted individnal soldier and team performance. This comprised the analytical tools of field assessment, the science of how to do the... 

To sum up, diffraction is essentially a scattering phenomenon in which a large number of atoms cooperate. Since the atoms are arranged periodically on a lattice, the rays scattered by them have definite phase relations between them these phase relations are such that destructive interference occurs in most directions of scattering, but in a few directions constructive interference takes place and diffracted beams are formed. The two essentials are a wave motion capable of interference (x-rays) and a set of periodically arranged scattering centers (the atoms of a crystal). 

A comprehensive approach to a states response to a chemical terrorism includes having a plan not only for the crisis and consequence management phases of the incident, but also for all elements required for complete resolution of the event. This may include the necessity to definitively establish whether chemical agents were used, to provide supporting evidence to confirm other analyses, or to provide the forensic proof required to support a criminal prosecution. The collection and analysis of biomedical samples - blood, urine or other tissue from affected humans or animals - is one of the means for providing such information. Although current capabilities such as urinary thiodyglycol excretion or plasma cholinesterase activity can be performed, there is scope for far more sensitive and specific assessments that overcome the limitations of these approaches. 

Some aspects of the mentioned relationships have been presented in previous chapters while discussing special characteristics of the alloying behaviour. The reader is especially directed to Chapter 2 for the role played by some factors in the definition of phase equilibria aspects, such as compound formation capability, solid solution formation and their relationships with the Mendeleev Number and Pettifor and Villars maps. Stability and enthalpy of formation of alloys and Miedema s model and parameters have also been briefly commented on. In Chapter 3, mainly dedicated to the structural characteristics of the intermetallic phases, a number of comments have been reported about the effects of different factors, such as geometrical factor, atomic dimension factor, etc. on these characteristics. 

In discussing gas phase separations, a few definitions will help in understanding the subject matter. Adsorbents, sometimes referred to here as sorbents, are solid chemical substances that possess micro-porous surfaces that can admit molecules to the interior surface of the structure. Zeolites in particular are solid, micro-porous, alumino-silicates with adsorption and or ion exchange capability. They affect separations by adsorbing molecules into their micro-structures. 

There is no thermodynamic equilibrium between the ideally polarizable electrode (more exactly the metal phase) and the solution phase because there is no common component capable of changing its charge and being transferred between the phases, conditions necessary for equilibrium. The state of an ideally polarizable electrode is well defined only if an external source is used to maintain a constant polarization potential, i.e., the double-layer capacitor charged with a definite charge. The polarization potential is an independent parameter of the system. 

For heterogeneous reactions involving fluid and solid phases, the areal rate is a good choice. However, the catalysts (solid phase) can have the same surface area but different concentrations of active sites (atomic configuration on the catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction). Thus, a definition of the rate based on the number of active sites appears to be the best choice. The turnover frequency or rate of turnover is the number of times the catalytic cycle is completed (or tumed-over) per catalytic site (active site) per time for a reaction at a given temperature, pressure, reactant ratio, and extent of reaction. Thus, the turnover frequency is ... 

In some cases, construction and startup are separate phases of a project and are not included in final engineering. In oil packaging projects, this is normally part of the final phase. Thus, concise definition and agreement on the contents of final schematics and specifications cannot be overestimated, as both system capability and overall project cost can be traced to this definition. 

We shall now consider two component systems, with the restriction, in the first instance, that the two components can form no chemical compounds with one another capable of appearing as separate phases. In other words, the two components are to form only physical mixtures or solutions with one another (see Nemst, Lehrbuch, 6th edn. p. 99). A general definition of the term solution has already been given (p. 193). The gaseous portion of a many component system is strictly speaking a solution, as it consists of only one phase which contains all the components. Some of them may be present in very minute quantities, but we must ascribe a finite vapour pressure to every substance at all temperatures on account of the continuity of physical quantities. In many cases, of course, the vapour pressure is too small to be measured (most solids, for example), so that we may neglect the partial pressure of these substances in the vapour. We shall show that if the dissolved substances have no appreciable vapour pressure, the vapour pressure of the solution is always less than that of the pure solvent. 

Solubilization can be defined as the preparation of a thermodynamically stable isotropic solution of a substance normally insoluble or very slightly soluble in a given solvent by the introduction of an additional amphiphilic component or components. The amphiphilic components (surfactants) must be introduced at a concentration at or above their critical micelle concentrations. Simple micellar systems (and reverse micellar) as well as liquid crystalline phases and vesicles referred to above are all capable of solubilization. In liquid crystalline phases and vesicles, a ternary system is formed on incorporation of the solubilizate and thus these anisotropic systems are not strictly in accordance with the definition given above. 

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