Canola oil

Functional Blends. The term functional blend refers to various ingredient blends formulated to achieve a certain objective such as fat reduction. An example of this blend consists of water, partially hydrogenated canola oil, hydrolyzed beef plasma, tapioca flour, sodium alginate, and salt. This blend is designed to replace animal fat and is typically used at less than 25% of the finished product. Another functional blend is composed of modified food starch, rice flour, salt, emulsifier, and flavor. A recommended formula is 90% meat (with 10% fat), 7% added water, and 3% seasoning blend... 

S. K. Brophy and co-workers, "Chlorophyll Removal from Canola Oil A New Concept," paper presented at the 80th AnnualAOCS Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1989. 

Oils such as olive oil, soybean oil, or canola oil make softer soaps. Castile soap is any soap that is made primarily of olive oil. This type of soap is known for being mild and soft. 

ECG determined using canola oil (Chen and Chan, 1996) ECG > EGCG... 

CHEN z Y and chan p t (1996) Antioxidative activity of green tea catechins in canola oil , Chem and Phsics of Lipids, 82, 163-72. 

The food technologist may be especially interested in the fate of the carotenoids in the seed oil. Like red palm oil, the resulting carotenoid-pigmented canola oil may be more stable due to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids and may be more attractive to consumers. Alternatively, for food security concerns, transgenic soybean or canola oils and seed meals that are genetically modified for more efficient bio-diesel production may be bio-safety marked with lipid-soluble carotenoids and water-soluble anthocyanins, respectively. Potatoes are excellent potential sources of dietary carotenoids, and over-expression of CrtB in tubers led to the accumulation of P-carotene. Potatoes normally have low levels of leaf-type carotenoids, like canola cotyledons. 

Oilseed rape (Canola) Calgene/1992 12 0 Acyl carrier protein thioesterase Umbellularia californica (California Bay) High-laurate canola oil... 

Apart from a few reports" on solid acid catalyzed esterification of model compounds, to our knowledge utilization of solid catalysts for biodiesel production from low quality real feedstocks have been explored only recently. 12-Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) impregnated on hydrous zirconia was evaluated as a solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from canola oil containing up to 20 wt % free fatty acids and was found to give ester yield of 90% at 200°C. Propylsulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst for esterification of FFA in flotation beef tallow showed a superior initial catalytic activity (90% yield) relative to a... 

As mentioned earlier, both MCTs and LCTs are used in tube feeding products. Corn, soy, and safflower oils have been the mainstay sources of fat in these products, providing mainly co-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). On the other hand, some newer EN products contain higher quantities of co-3 PUFAs from sources such as fish oil [i.e., docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentenoic acid or (EPA)]. Still other formulas contain higher quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids from canola oil and high-oleic safflower or sunflower oils. The essential fatty acid (EFA) content (mainly linoleic acid) of EN... 

Brassica napus is a widely grown crop used primarily for the production of oil, which is classed as either rapeseed oil or canola oil depending on its quality and content. 

Flow rate and extraction time. Dynamic techniques for the extraction of carotenoids with SC-CO2 use flow rates that vary from 0.5 to 15 mL/min (measured at extraction temperature and pressure) with different effects depending on the matrix (Rozzi and others 2002 Subra and others 1998 Saldana and others 2006). Subra and others (1998) extracted (3-carotene from 1 to 2.5 g freeze-dried carrots and studied the effect of flow rates (0.4 and 1.2 liter/min) they obtained higher yields of (3-carotene at a flow rate of 1.2 liter/min. Sun and Temelli (2006) also evaluated the effect of flow rate (0.5 and 1.0 liter/min) on the extraction of (3-carotene with SC-CO2 + canola oil. The total carotenoids yield increased with flow rate, ranging from 934.8 to 1,973.6 pg/g dry carrot at C02 flow rates from 0.5 to 2 liter/min (measured at STP), respectively (Sun and Temelli, 2006). However, the lycopene yield decreased from 38.8% to 8% as flow rate was increased from 2.5 to 15 mL/min (measured at extraction temperature and pressure) (Rozzi and others 2002). 

Use of cosolvent. Various cosolvents, such as acetone, ethanol, methanol, hexane, dichloromethane, and water, have been used for the removal of carotenoids using SC-CO2 extraction (Ollanketo and others 2001). All these cosolvents except water (only 2% of recovery) increased the carotenoid recovery. The use of vegetable oils such as hazelnut and canola oil as a cosolvent for the recovery of carotenoids from carrots and tomatoes have been reported (Sun and Temelli, 2006 Shi, 2001 Vasapollo and others 2004). For the extraction without cosolvent addition, the lycopene yield was below 10% for 2- to 5-hr extraction time, whereas in the presence of hazelnut oil, the lycopene yield increased to about 20% and 30% in 5 and 8 hr, respectively. The advantages of using vegetable oils as cosolvents are the higher extraction yield the elimination of organic solvent addition, which needs to be removed later and the enrichment of the oil with carotenoids that can be potentially used in a variety of product applications. 

Sun M and Temelli F. 2006. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of carotenoids from carrot using canola oil as a continuous co-solvent. J Supercrit Fluids 37(3) 397-408. 

Traditionally, another use of IV has been to monitor the hydrogenation process and establish the hydrogenation end point relative to the finished product s functionality (solid fat index or SFI). A typical result from a hydrogenation of canola oil is shown in Table D 1.4.5. As the level of hydrogenation increases, as evidenced... 

Table D1.4.5 Iodine Value (IV), Fatty Acid Composition, and Solid Fat Index (SFI) of Canola Oil" ...

Wanasundara, U.N. and Shahidi, F. 1994a. Canola extract as an alternative natural antioxidant for canola oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 71 817-822. 

Canola oil, composition, 474 (table) Capacitance, in water activity measurement, 67-70 Capacitance manometer vs. U-tube manometer, 61,64 Capacitor model in interface studies, 624-625 Carbazole, 737 Carbohydrates... 

Iodine, colorimetric determination of amylase using, 689-692 Iodine value, lipid composition canola oil, 474 (table) oil quality indices, 467-469, 475-477 lodometric titration, determination of peroxide value, 518-519 Ionization techniques, in mass... 

Solid fat content (SFC), 567-573 Solid fat index (SFI) canola oil, 474 (table) defined, 572... 

R Przybylski, NAM Eskin. Phospholipid composition of canola oils during the early stages of processing as measured by TLC with flame ionization detector. J Am Oil Chem Soc 68 241-245, 1991. 

ZH Gao, RG Ackman. Determination of vitamin K, in canola oils by high performance liquid chromatography with menaquinone-4 as an internal standard. Food Res Int 28 61-69, 1995. 

Yoon, S. H. Nakaya, H. Ito, O. Miyawaki, O. Park, K. H. Nakamura, K. Effects of Substrate Solubility in Interesterification with Riolein by Immobilized Lipase in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1998, 62, 170-172. Yu, Z. R. Rizvi, S. S. H. Zollweg, J. A. Enzymatic Esterification of Fatty Acid Mixtures from Milk Fat and Anhydrous Milk Fat with Canola Oil in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Biotechnol. Prog. 1992, 8, 508-513. 

---