Cancer screening

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) database is a collection of more than half a million structures, assembled by NCI s Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) or its predecessors in the course of NCTs anti-cancer screening efforts that started in the late 1950s (plus the more recent anti-HIV screening) [37-39]. Approximately half of this database is publicly available without any usage restrictions, and is therefore called the "Open NCI Database. For each of these structures (more than 250 000) the DTP record contains at least the chemical structure as a coimection table and an NCI accession number, the NSC number. 

Effective colorectal cancer screening programs incorporate annual fecal occult blood testing in combination with regular examination of the entire colon starting at age 50 for average-risk individuals and should be recommended by all health care providers. 

Recommend a prostate cancer screening program for a man based on his age and risk factors. 

The common approach to prostate cancer screening today involves offering a baseline PSA and DRE at age 40, with annual evaluations beginning at age 50, to all men of normal risk with a 10-year or greater life expectancy. 

Portier, C. and Hoel, D. (1984). Type I error of trend tests in proportions and the design of cancer screens. Comm. Stat. Theory Meth. A13 1-14. 

Detection bias occurs in convenience-cohort studies when any measure of substance exposure is correlated with differences in medical scrutiny. For example, the positive relationship between reser-pine (a blood pressure medication) and breast cancer might be attributable to the fact that women under treatment for high blood pressure are more likely to have breast exams, which detect otherwise silent breast cancers (Feinstein 1988, 1261). The same might be true of the relationship between alcohol intake and breast cancer, because alcohol could be a surrogate for income and more frequent breast cancer screening and mammography (Feinstein 1988, 1261). 

Huang R, Wallqvist A, Coveil DG. Comprehensive analysis of pathway or functionally related gene expression in the National Cancer Institute s anti-cancer screen. Genomics 2006 87 315-328. 

Wallqvist A, Rabow AA, Shoemaker RH et al. Linking the growth inhibition response from the National Cancer Institute s anti-cancer screen to gene expression levels and other molecular target data. Bioinformatics 2003 19 2212- 2224. 

Barqawi A, Gamito E, O Donnell C, Crawford ED. Herbal and vitamin supplement use in a prostate cancer screening population. Urology 2004 63(2) 288-292. 

No drug-drug interactions have been reported for saw palmetto. Because saw palmetto has no effect on the PSA marker, it will not interfere with prostate cancer screening using this test. Recommended dosing of a standardized dried extract (containing 85-95% fatty acids and sterols) is 160 mg orally twice daily. Patients should be instructed that it may take 4-6 weeks for onset of clinical effects. 

E. A. Hernandez-Caraballo, F. Rivas, A. G. Perez and L. M. Marco-Parra, Evaluation of chemometric techniques and artificial neural networks for cancer screening using Cu, Fe, Se and Zn concentrations in blood serum. Anal. Chim. Acta, 533(2), 2005, 161-168. 

Theriault GP, Tremblay CG, Armstrong BG. 1990. Bladder cancer screening among primary aluminum production workers in Quebec. J Occup Med 32 869-872. 

For the analysis of exfoliated cells (such as an automated Pap test for cervical cancer screening), the ability to collect the spectrum of each individual cell separately by mapping methods is even more important, since statistical analysis... 

The widespread application of serum markers for cancer screening, like prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer and Carcino-Embryonic Antigen (CEA) for colon cancer, has led to the perception that specific and accurate markers, yet to be discovered, will be the answer to early diagnosis and prognosis. 

In the early 1960s the National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed procedures to formalize the process for the evaluation of the human risk of cancer from chemical exposures [8], This approach was based on decades of research that demonstrated that chemicals that were known to cause cancer in humans could also induce cancer in laboratory animals. The bioassay was originally envisioned as a cancer screen useful for identifying agents that would be examined in human epidemiology studies, assuming that relatively few compounds would induce tumors in animals. Despite the fact that the approach... 

Band P, Feldstein M, Watson L, King G, et al. 1982. Lung cancer screening programs in Canadian uranium mines. Recent Results Cancer Res 82 153-158. 

Seeff LC, RichardsTB, Shapiro J/, Nadel MR,Manninen DL, Given LS, Dong FB,Winges LD, McKenna MT. How many endoscopies are performed for colorectal cancer screening Results from the CDCs survey of endoscopic capacity. Gastroenterol 2004 127 1670-7. 

Felknor SA, Delclos GL, Lerner SP, et al. (2003) Bladder cancer screening program for a petrochemical cohort with potential exposure to beta-napthylamine. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45 289-294. 

The findings of Carraro and colleagues discussed previously suggest that Permixon does not affect PSA. These results were confirmed by an in vitro study in which Permixon 10 pg/mL (calculated plasma concentration achieved with therapeutic doses), did not interfere with secretion of PSA (17). These findings imply that PSA can continue to be used for prostate cancer screening in men taking saw palmetto. 

Shultz EK. Multivariate receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis Prostate cancer screening as an example. Clin Chem 1995 41 1248-55. 

Menon U, Jacobs IJ. Ovarian cancer screening in the general population current status. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2001 11 3-6. 

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