Cancer morbidity/mortality

An update of a previous study (Axelson et al. 1978), Axelson (1986) evaluated an expanded cohort of 1,424 men (levels of trichloroethylene exposure inferred from measured urinary metabolite concentrations) and found a significant increase in incidences of bladder cancer and lymphomas, and a lower than expected incidence of total cancer mortality. A further update of this work (Axelson et al. 1994) expanded the cohort to include 249 women, tracking cancer morbidity over 30 years, and found no correlation between exposure concentration or exposure time and cancer incidence at any site. The highest standardized incidence ratio noted in this study was 1.56 (95% Cl of 0.51-3.64) for 5 cases of non-Hodgkin s lymphoma observed in men. Although four of these cases occurred in persons exposed for at least 2 years, and 3 cases had a latency of 10 years or more, urinary levels of TCA showed that 4 of the 5 cases were exposed to the lowest levels of trichloroethylene (urinary levels of TCA 0-49 mg/L). The study authors mentioned that a urinary TCA level below 50 mg/L corresponds to a trichloroethylene exposure concentration of about 20 ppm. The study authors concluded that "this study provides no evidence that trichloroethylene is a human carcinogen, i.e., when the exposure is as low as for this study population."... 

Lundstrom NG, Nordberg G, Englyst V, et al. 1997. Cumulative lead exposure in relation to mortality and lung cancer morbidity in a cohort of primary smelter workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 23(l) 24-30. 

Selden A, Ahlborg G, Jr. 1991. Mortality and cancer morbidity after exposure to military aircraft fuel. Aviat Space Environ Med 62(8) 789-794. 

Grandjean P, Juel K, Jensen OM Mortality and cancer morbidity after heavy occupational fluoride exposure. Am J Epidemiol 121 57-64, 1985... 

P. J. Landrigan, C. B. Schechter, J. M. Lipton, M. C. Fahs, and J. Schwartz. Environmental Pollutants and Disease in American Children Estimates of Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs for Lead Poisoning, Asthma, Cancer, and Developmental Disabilities. Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 110, Number 7, July 2002... 

Siemiatycki, J. (1991) Risk Factors for Cancer in the Workplace, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press Sorahan, T. Pope, D. (1993) Mortality and cancer morbidity of production workers in the... 

Preventing skin cancer Findings of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services on Reducing Exposure to Ultraviolet Light. CDC Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep. 52(RR-15), 2003. 

T. Kjellstrom, L. Friberg, and B. Rahnster, Mortality and cancer morbidity among cadmium-exposed workers. Environ. Health Perspect. 28 199, 1979. 

Albin M, Jakobsson K, Attewell R, et al. 1990a. Mortality and cancer morbidity in cohorts of asbestos cement workers and referents. Br J Ind Med 47 602-610. 

Annegers JF, Zacharski LR. Cancer morbidity and mortality in previously anticoagulated patients. Thromb Res 1980 18(3 ) 399-403. 

In a study of the mortality (1958-98) and cancer morbidity (1971-94) in a cohort of 8288 male and female employees from 11 factories in England and Wales engaged in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams, mortality from lung cancer in female employees was significantly increased (standardized mortality ratio 181) (2). There was no excess among male employees (standardized mortality ratio 107). There were no significantly increased cause-specific standardized mortality ratios among the subcohort (n = 1782) with some period of isocyanate exposure. 

Hagmar L, Bellander T, Englander V, et al. 1986. Mortality and cancer morbidity among workers in a chemical factory. Scand J Work Environ Health 12 545-551. 

Drummond, I., Murray, N., Armstrong, T., Schnatts, A. R., and Lewis, R. J. (2006). Exposure assessment methods for a study of mortality and cancer morbidity in relation to specific petroleum industry exposures. J Occup Environ Hyg 3, 513-520. 

Ronneberg A. 1995a. Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers from an aluminum smelter with prebaked carbon anodes-Part I Exposure assessment. Occup Environ Med 52(4) 242-249. 

Asp S, Riihimaki V, Hernberg S, et al Mortality and cancer morbidity of Finnish chlo-rophenoxy herbicide applicators an 18-year prospective follow-up. Am J Ind Med 26 243-253, 1994... 

WiNGREN G and Axelson O (1993) Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Swedish ass workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 62 253-257. 

Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gastric cancer comprises approximately 95% of all gastric tumors, and is the focus of this chapter. Other less common gastric tumors not discussed here include mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors. 

American Lung Association, Trends in Lung Cancer Morbidity and Mortality, http / / WWW. lungusa. org/atf / cf/ %7B7A8D42C2-FCCA-4604-8ADE-7F5D5E762256%7D/lcl.pdf, 5, 2004. 

Using epidemiological methods, the relationship between aflatoxln exposure and human liver cancer has been hindered by inadequate data on aflatoxln consumption, excretion, metabolism, and the general poor quality of world-wide cancer morbidity and mortality statistics. Molecular dosimetry methods are needed to help accurately assess an individual s exposure to aflatoxins. This is especially important because of the recent reclassification by the... 

Risks from other pathways of exposure and/or other chemicals of concern are considered to be additive unless there is evidence that the toxicities of two or more chemicals are synergistic (i.e., enhance each other so that risk is greater than the sum of the risk from either chemical alone) or inhibitory (i.e., interfere with each other so that risk is less than the sum of the risk from either chemical alone). Very little is known about the interactions between toxic chemicals, and risks from multiple chemicals and multiple exposure pathways are usually added together to obtain an estimate of total risk. In the case of noncancer health risk, the hazard index (HI) is calculated separately for each chemical and each exposure pathway, and total risk is equal to the sum of the HI values from aU chanicals and aU pathways. In the case of cancer risk, the cancer incidence is calculated for each ch ical and each exposure pathway, and total risk is equal to the sum of the caucer incideuces from all chemicals and all pathways. Cancer risk is the probability of getting cancer (morbidity), not the probability of dying from cancer (mortality). Many people get cancer and survive. 

Landrigan PJ, Schechter CB, Lipton JM, Fahs MC, Schwartz J (2002) Environmental pollutants and disease in American children estimates of morbidity, mortality, and costs for lead poisoning, asthma, cancer, and developmental disabilities. Environ Health Perspect 110(7) 721-728. doi 10.1289/ehp.02110721... 

This analysis of the mortality and cancer morbidity experience of those SeUafield workers involved in the 1957 Windscale fire does not reveal any measurable effect of the fire upon their health. Although this study has low statistical power for detecting small adverse effects, due to the relatively small number of workers, it does provide reassurance that no significant health effects are associated with the 1957 Windscale fire even after 50 years of foUow-up. ... 

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