Lung cancer mortality from

A subsequent mortality study of this same cohort found significant increases for death due to lung cancer. (Mortality from noncarcino-genic respiratory diseases including bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma also occurred in excess.)... 

Puskin, J.S. and Yang, Y.A., A letFospective look at Rn-induced lung cancer mortality from the viewpoint of a relative risk model. Health Phys., 54(6), 635, 1988. 

M = total mortality rate from lung cancer Mr = lung cancer mortality rate due to radon Mn = lung cancer mortality rate due to non-radon causes including smoking and all other factors, known or unknown r = average radon level in a county Then, from the linear-no threshold theory,... 

From Assumption C and Eq. (l), the distribution of Mr is accurately known. From statistics on lung cancer mortality, the distribution of M is accurately known. Thus, the distribution of Mr can be calculated mathematically, and the problem is completely solved, allowing us to derive predictions that can be tested. In particular,... 

Mumford, J. L., C. T. Helmes, X. Lee, J. Seidenberg, and S. Nesnow, Mouse Skin Tumorigenicity Studies of Indoor Coal and Wood Combustion Emissions from Homes of Residents in Xuan Wei, China with High Lung Cancer Mortality, Carcinogenesis, 11, 397-403 (1990). 

A cohort of 3,408 workers from four former facilities that produced chromium compounds from chromite ore in northern New Jersey was assembled in 1990-1991 using social security records (Rosenman and Stanbury 1996). The subjects were known to have worked in the four facilities sometime between 1937 and 1971, when the last facility closed. Exposure durations ranged from less than 1 year to greater than 20 years. The overall risk of lung cancer derived from proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMR) was 1.51 for white males and 1.34 for black males. The risk increased with duration of employment and latency since time of first employment. The cancer mortality ratio for greater than 20 years of workplace exposure and greater than 20 years since first exposure was 194 and 308 for white and black males, respectively. This study also showed significantly increased risk for nasal cavity/sinus cancer indicated... 

Increase in lung cancer mortality in men and increases in mortality from bronchitis in men and women exposed long-term to... 

Hughes JM. 1994. Human evidence lung cancer mortality risk from chrysotile exposure. Aim Occup Hyg 38(4) 555-560. 

Mumford, J., Li, X., Hu, F-, Lu, X-, and Chuang, J. (1995). Human exposure and dosimetry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarboru in urine from Xuan Wei, China, with high lung cancer mortality associated with exposure to unvented coal smoke. Carcjntigencsis 16, 3031-3036-... 

Mumford JL, Lee X, Lewtas J, et al. 1993. DNA adducts as biomarkers for assessing exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tissues from Xuan Wei women with high exposure to coal combustion emissions and high lung cancer mortality. Environ Health Perspect 99 83-87. 

The analysis focused on mortality from lung cancer. Update of Gustavsson et al. (1986) study nine additional years of followup. Analyses were conducted for the entire cohort or stratified by exposure status (low versus high exposure). SMRs were 152 (Cl=31 44), 222 (27-803), and 173 (Cl=56- 06)forthe low and high exposure groups and entire cohort, respectively. A total of five lung cancer mortalities were observed. 

Since urban air is generally more polluted than nural air, the incidence of related diseases is more common in cities. For example, lung cancer mortality is higher in Chinese cities than in the nation as a whole and 60% of Calcutta residents, suffer from respiratory diseases, compared to the national average of 3%. Furthermore, it has been estimated in Bangkok that SPM could cause up to 1,400 deaths in the city per... 

According to recent epidemiological studies, the majority of cancer cases derive from environmental causes, whose factors are attributed to either the indoor environment or outdoor air pollution and soil contamination (Doll and Peto 1981). In deed, the relative risk of lung cancer mortality increases by some 8—27% in heavily polluted areas (Beeson et al. 1998). Ghazaouet city homes the complex of non-ferrous metals (En-Metanof) which uses the pyrometallurgical process. It uses 100000-115000 t/year of raw material for polymetallic sulphide (El Abed blend), and produces 30000-40000 t/year of Zn, 100-150 t/year of Cd and 50000-80000 t/year of H2SO4. 

The results of these studies are consistent and demonstrate that the frequency of respiratory cancer mortality increased with increasing exposure to radiation (cumulative WLMs). Statistically significant excesses in lung cancer deaths were present after cumulative exposures of less than 50 WLMs in the Czechoslovakian cohort (Sevc et al. 1988) and at cumulative exposures greater than 100 WLMs in the cohorts from the United States and Ontario, Canada (Muller et al. 1985 Samet et al. 1989 Waxweiler et al. 1981). These studies indicate that lung cancer mortality was influenced by the total cumulative radiation exposure, by the age at first exposure, and by the time-course of the exposure accumulation. Most deaths from respiratory cancers occurred 10 or more years after the individual... 

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