American children

There are an estimated 150,000 cases of SE each year in the United States, with approximately 55,000 associated deaths, and an estimated annual direct cost for inpatient admissions of 4 billion.4,5 Status epilepticus occurs more frequently in African-Americans, children, and the elderly. Additional attention should be given to elderly individuals with SE, as other underlying disease states may complicate therapy and worsen prognosis.6... 

NS (Mexican- American children) Other Decreased stature 29-10 Frisancho and Ryan 1991... 

Frisancho AR, Ryan AS. 1991. Decreased stature associated with moderate blood lead concentrations in Mexican-American children. Am J Clin Nutr 54 16-19. 

Mushak P, Crocetti AF. 1989. Determination of numbers of lead-exposed American children as a function of lead source Integrated summary of a report to the U.S. Congress on childhood lead poisoning. Environ Res 50 210-229. 

Baskin, M. L., H. K. Ahluwalia, and K. Resnicow. Obesity Intervention Among African-American Children and Adolescents. Pediatric Clinics of North America 48(4) (2001) 1027-1039. 

In an extensive study (A4) of 88 Nigerian children with the nephrotic syndrome, 80% were observed with a nonselectivity proteinuria, and steroid therapy was ineffective in most of these ehildren. Unlike European and American children with the nephrotic syndrome, less than half of the Nigerian children who had highly selective type proteinuria showed... 

P. J. Landrigan, C. B. Schechter, J. M. Lipton, M. C. Fahs, and J. Schwartz. Environmental Pollutants and Disease in American Children Estimates of Morbidity, Mortality, and Costs for Lead Poisoning, Asthma, Cancer, and Developmental Disabilities. Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 110, Number 7, July 2002... 

Weine, A.M., Phillips, J.S., and Achenbach, T.M. (1995) Behavioral and emotional problems among Chinese and American children parent and teacher reports fot ages 6 to 13 / Abnorm Child Psychol 23 619-639. 

Unfortunately, the laughing gas parties and parlor tricks of the early 1800s have evolved into abuse, and nitrous oxide is one of many commonly abused inhalants in the United States. The National Inhalant Prevention Coalition reports that one in five American children have used an inhalant by eighth grade. 

If you do, you re certainly not alone. Still, if you re under 18, there s a good chance that your view of yourself contradicts the medical reality. Despite the weight crisis among American children and teens, only about 15% are considered overweight or obese. If you are not among them, it s probably best to maintain your pres-... 

Methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin and Concerta ) is a stimulant drug prescribed to treat hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in millions of American children. Methylphenidate was first synthesized in the mid-1940s in Europe. In the United States, it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1955. The effects of methylphenidate in the human body are almost identical to those of the amphetamines. Amphetamines—the collective name for levoamphetamine (Benzedrine), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine ), and methamphetamine (Methedrine or speed )—are known to be potent psychomotor stimulants. 

These numbers make some people uneasy. But others, such as Joseph Biederman, believe this increase is a positive development because it means child psychiatry is finally recognizing the need for medication. According to Biederman, 10% of American children have ADHD, which means the condition is actually underdiagnosed. If all these children were prescribed Ritalin, the current treatment rates would double. 

Lack of attention, overworked parents, and the disappointment that follows when high expectations are not met may all be factors that contribute to the increased number of American children on Ritalin. Because, in the short term, Ritalin seems to work, and because behavioral approaches are often time-consuming, it tends to be easier for parents, teachers, and doctors to turn to Ritalin as a solution than to employ nonpharmacological treatments for the children in their care. 

Maurer, Katherine. African-American Children Less Likely to Get Ritalin. Clinical Psychiatry News 24 (1996) 1-2. 

American children (5 years and younger) from these four tribes was 19.6 g/day (a consumption rate over 3 times higher than that for adults in the general population (6.5 g/day). 

Raizenne M, Neas LM, Damokosh Al, Dockery DW, Spengler JD, Koutrakis P, Ware JH, Speizer FE (1996) Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children Pulmonary function. Environ Health Perspect, 104(5) 506-514. 

Since 1990, the number of American children taking Ritalin has more than doubled to between 1.5 million and 2.5 million. Defenders of the drug give testament to the profound effect it can have in turning problem adolescents into model students. 

Eleven (9%) of the children developed TD, compared to 0% in a matched control group (p =. 003). The TD rate was particularly high among African American children (15%). Given the relatively short period of exposure, these rates are astronomically high and should discourage any attempts to give neuroleptics, atypical or not, to children. 

An estimated 3% to 5% of school-age children and 2% to 4% of adults have ADHD. As many as 2 million American children may have the disorder. It is estimated that every classroom in the United States has 1 to 3 children with ADHD. 

The prospects of future terrorism remain highly probable as well. In fact, there may well be reason to believe that specific targeting of American children by al-Qaeda is a gruesome possibility. One recalls the attack on a school in Beslan, Russia, in 2004 by Chechen rebels, suspected to have been backed by al-Qaeda. That horrific event killed more than 150 children, seriously... 

Case BW, Kuhar M, Harrigan M, et al. 1994. Lung fibre content of American children aged 8-15 years Preliminary findings. Ann Occup Hyg 38 639-645. 

Excessive intake of any fat is not healthy. According to Klurfeld and Kritchevsky (342), the enhancement of tumor growth by dietary fat may result, in part, from the caloric contribution of this nutrient. Significant reduction of mmor incidence with consumption of 25% less energy was seen consistently in rat tumor systems induced by chemicals. Currently, most American children get about 34% of their calories from fat (318). It is recommended, however, that healthy children s intake of fat average no more than 30% of calories. Experts also suggest lowering children s saturated fat intake to less than 10% of calories. Similar recommendations have been made for adults (343). 

Gottfredson LS 1997 Intelligence and social policy. Intelligence 24 1—320 Hart B, Risley TR 1995 Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Brookes, Baltimore... 

Nowhere was the seduction issue ballyhooed more loudly than in New Orleans where the Item and the Morning Tribune ran a series of sensationalistic articles describing marihuana s infiltration into the city s schools. According to Dr. Frank Gomilla, commissioner of public safety for the city, the marihuana wholesalers in New Orleans were "made up mostly of Mexicans, Italians, Spanish-Americans and drifters from ships." The inference was obviously that American children were being seduced by foreigners. 

Yao KN, Solanto MV, Wender EH. Prevalence of hyperactivity among newly immigrated Chinese-American children. JDBP1988 9(6) 367-73. 

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