Cancer Immunity

The above scientific information on rice bran phytochemicals indicates that a multitude of mechanisms are operating at the cellular level to bring about specific health effects. Several health benefits of rice bran appear to be the result of the synergistic function of the many phytochemicals, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which operates through a specific immune response. Their role in the biochemical mechanisms at the cellular level which result in major health effects is shown in Fig. 17.1. A short overview summarizing the effect of the various phytochemicals on major health issues such as cancer, immune function, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, altered liver function and gastrointestinal and colon disease will be given below. 

Apoptosis. Apoptosis— programmed cell death—involves elimination of damaged cells and maintenance of cell homeostasis. Homeostasis can be defined as the ability of living cells to regulate themselves in a dynamic manner. When apoptosis is deregulated, diseases such as cancers, immune... 

Weindruch R, Walford RL, Fligiel S, Guthrie D. The retardation of aging in mice by dietary restriction Longevity, cancer, immunity and lifetime energy intake. J Nutr 1986 116 641-654. 

Valmori, D., Dutoit, V., Ayyoub, M., et al. (2003) Simultaneous CD8+ T cell responses to multiple tumor antigen epitopes in a multipeptide melanoma vaccine. Cancer Immun. 3,15. 

Darnell RB. Onconeural antigens and the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders At the intersection of cancer, immunity, and the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93(10) ... 

Blankenstein T, Qin Z. Chemical carcinogens as foreign bodies and some pitfalls regarding cancer immune surveillance. Adv Cancer Res 2003 90 179-207. 

Vm. Cervical Cancer Immune Response Modifiers as Antineoplastic Agents... 

Potassium channels Arrhythmia, asthma, blood pressure, cardiac ischemia, cell proliferation, diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, immune suppression... 

Immunosuppression.The immune system has a role in suppressing cancers (immune surveillance). A wide range of cancers develop in immunosuppressed patients, e.g after organ transplantation and cancer chemotherapy. 

In the liver, hepatocyte hypertrophy and centrilobular necrosis are seen. There is also an increase in liver cancers. Immune modulation has been described in both chickens and mice showing decreased antibody titers. Nervous system effects include tremors, loss of equilibrium, and changes in cellular chemistry in monkeys. 

PCBs. Exposure to PCBs can affect memory and learning ability in adults (Schantz et al., 2001), and there is evidence that exposure in the womb can cause lower birth weight, smaller head circumference, poor motor reflexes, a greater inclination to startle, and neurological, behavioral, and developmental problems in children. Eating PCB-contaminated fish has been associated with decreased fertility. Exposure to PCBs can increase the risk of cancer, immune and endocrine system dysfunction, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, diabetes, and liver disease.10... 

It would be interesting to know whether there is any (say, epidemiologic) connection between malarial immunity and cancer immunity. Thus, many native inhabitants of the tropical areas fortunately develop immunity to malaria, which may or may not be related to the inhibition of the malarial enzyme lactate dehydrogenase or other critical malarial enzymes. 

Vaccine type Vaccine Cancer Immune response/therapeutic effect Reference(s)... 

THE INTEGRATION OF CANCER, IMMUNE SYSTEM, AGING, AND COENZYME Q,o... 

Lienard D et al. Ex vivo detectable activation of Melan-A-specific T cells correlating with inflammatory skin reactions in melanoma patients vaccinated with peptides in lEA. Cancer Immun 2004 4 4. 

Figure 34. The Synovial Sarcoma fusion oncoprotein was recognized as New York NY-ESO cancer testis class (CTA) antigen (Ayyoub M et al Cancer Immun 2004...

Sinkovics JG, Horvath JC, Kay HD. NKT cells emerge to restrain the trophoblast Tumor cells imitating the trophoblast evoke NKT cell reactions. In Cancer immunity challenges for the next decade. Program abstracts. The 56th aimual symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 14-17 Oct 2003. p. 117, 1-33. 

Ishida T, Obata Y, Ohara N, Matsushita H, Sato S, Uenaka A, Saika T, Miyamura T, Chayama K, Nakamura Y, Wada H, Yamashita T, Morishi A t. Old LJ, Nakayama E. Identification of the HERV-R gag antigen in prostate cancer by SEREX using autologous patient serum and its immunogenicity. Cancer Immun. 2008 8 15. 

Smyth MJ, Crowe NY, Godfrey DI (2001b) NK cells and NKT cells collaborate in host protection from methylcholan-threne-induced fibrosarcoma. Int Immunol 13 459-463 Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kershaw MH, Hayakawa Y (2004) Cytokines in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 202 275-293... 

Scott, A.M., Allison, J.P., Wolchok, J.D., 2012. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Cancer Immun. 

Schultes BC, Yang R, Agopsowicz K, Kuzma M, Dharampaul S, Baum RP, Nou-jaim AA, Madiyalakan R. Anti-idiotype induction therapy for ovarian cancer immune responses in patients injected with OvaRex -MAb-B43.13. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1999 18 A1399. 

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