Canal Lining

From a canal lined with chromated-copper-arsenate wood vs. reference site 150-200 FW vs. 10 FW elevated concentrations were associated with greenish color and higher frequency of histopathology of digestive gland diverticula 29... 

Soft PVC, PVC-NBR such as containment liners, fish-safe grade pond liners, coated fabrics or laminates for tarps and shelters, landfills and canal linings (since the 1950s), decorative ponds and lakes. Unfortunately, soft PVCs are subject to plasticizer desorption and extraction, becoming harder and brittle. 

While pavements and canal linings are slip-formed in the horizontal plane, the normal concept of slip-forming is in the vertical plane. Vertical slip-forming is usually chosen over traditional concreting procedures for the following reasons ... 

A strikingly early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. A variety of other symptoms include dry skin and hair, conjunctivitis of the eyes, retardation of growth, and low resistance to infection. The skin symptoms are particularly noticeable in the internal respiratory passages and alimentary canal lining. About 0.7 mg/day of vitamin A is required by an adult. The content of vitamin A in foods is often expressed in terms of international units 1.0 mg of retinol equals 33331.U. 

Canal Lining. Sulfur composite was used to line an earthen irrigation canal in southern Alberta, Canada (7,8) (Figures 4 and 5). This installation was a joint project between Chevron, The Sulphur Development Institute of Canada, and the Eastern Irrigation District. 

Sulfur composite was evaluated for this use because less site preparation was required than for concrete linings, the application equipment was mobile, and the composite could be applied potentially in the winter months when the canals were not in service. Concrete canal lining work is normally halted when the temperature drops below freezing. 

Figure 5. Installation of the sulfur composite canal lining. (left) Molten com-posite was spray-appUea to the earthen canal. (right) The canal after the...

Butyl rubber is used in specialty application such as reservoir or canal linings, tank linings, pharmaceuticals and sealing caulks. The low unsaturation and low permeability of the rubber molecule contribute to the chemical inertness of the butyl rubber. 

Lauritzen, C. V. and Perterson, H. (1953), Butyl Fabrics as Canal Lining Materials, Utah Agricultural Exf)eriment Station Bulletin No. 363. 

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