CAN/CSA

Civil Infrastructure made to withstand the best predictions of likely Extreme Weather Events and with adequate Durability for their exposure to Worsened Average Conditions (CAN/CSA S478 is the Canadian Standards Association s Guideline for Durability in Buildings ). 

Development of new and existing Risk Assessment Tools (e.g., Natural Hazards Electronic Map and Assessment Tools Information System—NHEMATIS), Risk Management Tools inclusive of all stakeholders in the process (e.g., CAN/CSA Q850-97 for risk management in Canada, CAN/CSA-Z763-96 specifically for environmental concerns) Effective Risk Communication. 

Canadian Standards Association (AS) Guidelines for radiological monitoring of the environment—A National Standard of Canada, Report CAN/CSA-N288.4-M90, November 1990, Ottawa, Canada. 

This test can only be applied to flexible packs, as the pack is put under positive pressure by some form of weight/force. A full pack is employed and loss detected by actual leakage. Also, a filled container can be stored on its side for 24 h at 38° C (after filling at a lower controlled temperature) (see CAN/CSA—276. 1-M 90 (Canada) using a three-quarters full container). A positive air pressure test (using a full pack in a reinforced chamber capable of being pressurised) can also be employed. 

Canadian National Standard CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 601.2.4-M90, 1990. Medical electrical equipment, part 2 Particular requirements for the safety of cardiac defibrillators and cardiac defibrillator/ monitors. 

Similar considerations of durability are made in guidelines from the UK Concrete Society (TR55 2000), by(fib-buUetin-14 2001), by the Japanese code (JSCE 2001) and by the latest version of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA-S6-00 2000). 

CAN/CSA-S6-00 (2000). Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. Rexdale, Ontario, Canadian Standards Association. 

CSA. 2010. Limits States Design of Steel Structures, CAN/CSA-S16-09. Canadian Standards Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 

Risk Analysis Requirements and Guidelines, Report No. CAN/CSA-Q634-91, prepared by the Canadian Standards Association, 1991. Available from the Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada. Goetsch, D. L., Occupational Safety and Health, Prentice HaU, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1996. 

CAN/CSA S806-02,2002 Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber-reinforced Polymers ... 

Canadian Standards Association (CSA). 1991. Guidelines for Caladating Radiation Doses to the Public from a Release of Airborne Radioactive Material under Hypothetical Accident Conditions in Nuclear Reactors, CAN/CSA-N288.2-M01, Toronto. 

Risk analysis and risk evaluation are part of a broader process of decision making and implementing risk control measures for managing risks. A model for this process that has been used successfully by companies and government in Canada is shown in Fig. 10.5. Other models are also available (e.g., CAN/CSA, 1997). 

Canadian Standards Association (CSA). 1997. Risk Management Guideline for Decision-Makers, CAN/ CSA Q850. 

In the commonest applications, the reinforcement of concrete members, FRP bars are used in roughly the same way as conventional steel bars for both handling and placement operations. Several documents (e.g. ACI 440.1R-06 (ACI Committee 440, 2006), FIB Bulletin 40 (FIB, 2007) and CAN/CSA... 

NSM), CFRP strips (or bars) are installed into a slot that is saw-cut to the surface of the element to be strengthened and hlled with epoxy adhesive or mortar. Several documents (e.g. ACI 440.2R-08 (ACI Committee 440,2008), FIB Bulletin 14 (FIB, 2001) and CAN/CSA S806-02 (CSA, 2002)) provide detailed guidance on the application of FRP strengthening systems. 

A number of debonding models have been developed and have been incorporated into design guidelines (ACI, 2008 CAN/CSA, 2006), but Holzenkampfer (1994), Neubauer and Rostasy (1997) and Chen and Teng (2001) had undertaken theoretical studies on bond models and a question is now raised, how well do the results of these bond models compare with the predictions of the debonding models ... 

CAN/CSA-S6 (2006) (this Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code has adopted design provisions similar to those in ACI 440 2R-08(2008))... 

CAN/CSA-S6 (2006), Canadian highway bridge design code , S6-06, Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. 

The SI units have been adopted as an American National Standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in a booklet designated ANSI-IEEE Std. SI 10-1997, Inter-national System of Units (SI) The Modern Metric System [4]. The SI units were adopted by Canada in the Weights and Measures Act of 1971 and published as a national standard in CAN/CSA Z234.1-89, Canadian Metric Practice Guide [5]. 

CAN/CSA Z234.1-89, Canadian Metric Practice Guide, Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. 

Specification DOT 3A or 3AA cylinders that meet the requirements of 49 CFR 173.34 (e) may be retested every 10 years instead of every 5 years. A five-pointed star will be stamped after the most recent test date (or following the plus mark if applicable) indicating the cylinder may be retested every 10 years. The details of the requirements for qualifying a cylinder for the 10-year retest interval will be found in 49 CFR 173.34 (e), which covers requirements for the qualification, maintenance, and use of cylinders, or CAN/CSA B339 [1, 3]. 

Metricated Canadian cylinders include the 10 percent overfill in the stamped service pressure. If a cylinder does not qualify for the overfill provisions, a A is stamped after the service pressure marking. The k denotes the cylinder may be filled only to 90 percent of the stamped service pressure. Refer to CAN/CSA B339 [3]. 

Almost all compressed gas containers in North America are fitted with pressure relief devices. A pressure relief device is a device that activates by pressure, temperature, or both to prevent pressure from rising above a predetermined maximum. Pressure relief devices prevent ruptures of normally charged cylinders when subjected to standard fire tests as required by Title 49 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) Part 173.34(d)), or the equivalent provision of CAN/CSA B340 as required by the regulations of Transport Canada (TC) [1, 2, 3]. ... 

Detailed information on proper markings can be found in CGA C-7, Guide to the Preparation of Precautionary Labeling and Marking of Compressed Gas Containers [6]. Also, see Chapter 4. Detailed information on the stamp markings is specified in each manufacturing type specification in 49 CFR 178 or CAN/CSA B339 [1,3]. 

The Hazardous Materials Regulations of DOT and similar regulations of TC require that cylinders be periodically requalified including a visual inspection to determine their suitability for ongoing service. A formal visual inspection is authorized instead of the periodic hydrostatic retest for certain low pressure cylinders dedicated for noncorrosive gas service. Specific details for this allowance can be found in DOT regulations under 49 CFR 173.34, or CAN/CSA B339 and B340 [1, 3, 4]. Otherwise, visual inspection is a mandatory supplement to a hydrostatic test. 

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