Camphor rosemary

Present in citronella and valerian oils, tur penline, ginger, rosemary and spike oils. It is produced artificially by the elimination of hydrogen chloride from bornyl chloride (artifi cial camphor) or from isobornyl chloride, by the dehydrogenation of borneol and isobor-neol and by the action of elhanoic anhydride on bornylamine. Chiral. 

Bomeol occurs abundantly in nature as a single enantiomer or, less frequently, as the racemate. (—)-Borneol [464-45-9] occurs particularly in oils from Pinaceae species and in citronella oil. (+)-Bomeol [464-43-7] is found, for example, in camphor oil (Hon-Sho oil), in rosemary, lavender, and olibanum oils. 

A recent survey about essential oils and their pure constituents used to control Varroa jacobsoni, contained three interesting tables that reported the toxicity of essential oils for V. jacobsoni and Apis mellifera after 24, 48 and 72 hours in a topical application and in an evaporation test, and the effects of essential oils on behavior and reproduction of V jacobsoni and on the bee brood [63]. The most interesting oils were those of cinnamon and clove, with 100% mite mortality after 24 h and no significant toxicity on honey bees. Furthermore, clove essential oil produced small brood mortality, and it was an inhibitor of mite reproduction. Other effective oils were anise, fennel, lavender, rosemary and wintergreen, which killed 100% mites after 48-72 hours. On the contrary, the oils obtained from garlic, onion, oregano and thyme, were found to be very toxic for honey bees. Among pure constituents, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate and pinene resulted small brood mortality and inhibited mite reproduction. 

Cineol, terpineol, pinene, valeraldehyde, benzaldehyde (small amount) Oil of turpentine, oil of rosemary, essence of camphor may contain traces of Cu... 

Camphor (C10H160) Found in essential oils of ho leaf, lavandin, spike lavender, rosemary and sage. An important compound used in many applications including medical preparations, but it is classified as toxic. 

Most ketones found in essential oils are toxic when isolated compounds are used. However, many oils high in ketones are considered safe to use for example, camphor is found in Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at 15-30% and in Lavandula intermedia (also known as Lavandula hybrida) (lavandin) at 5-15%, and carvone is the main component of Mentha spicata (spearmint) at up to 70%. 

When essential oils are described only by their common names, not only do these exclude the importance of the species but they also do not account for the chemotype e.g. thyme might be Thymus vulgaris CT thymol and rosemary might be Rosmarinus officinalis CT camphor (CT after the name of the essential oil describes the chemotype, naming the significant compound within that oil). 

There are three principal chemotypes verbenone, 1,8-cineole and cam-phor-borneol. These are examples of variation due to the climate they are grown in and are also called cultivars. The names of the cultivars are not Latinized and appear after the species name, often within quotation marks. For example, Lavandula angustifolia Maillette is a type of lavender named after its originator. For rosemary the cultivars are named after their country of origin. As a consequence of this, the verbenone is also called French, the 1,8-cineole is called Tunisian and the camphor-borneol is called Spanish. A comparison of these in terms of their amounts of main components is shown in Table 7.2. 

Examinations of the volatile constituents of the rosemary oils resulted in the conclusion that distilled and SFE product contain the same components. Although the concentrations are different in the products somewhat higher levels of more volatile components (pinene, camphene) were found in the distilled oil. While the concentrations of camphor and verbenon were higher in SFE product. 

The rosemary extracts were collected as separate samples succesively in time. Each of them was analysed separatively and the results are listed in Table 4. The concentrations of a-pinene, champhene, p-cimene and limonene decreased with extraction time, while that of the oxygeneted derivatives (cineol, linalool, camphor, bomeol and verbenon) increased significantly. 

Both an aqueous phase and an oily phase (including waxes and essential oils) were extracted from the herbs. These were collected separately as described in the next section. The essential oils in the oily extract were camphor, verbenone, P-myrcene, 1,8 cineole and limonene for Rosemary and thymol, geraniol and geranyl acetate,carvocrol and borneol for Thyme. 

Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 1,8-Cineole, (+)-camphor (42), (-)-borneol (43) 95,100... 

Cyclopentane bicyclic monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom belong to three major skeletal types camphane, iso-camphane, and fenchane (Fig. 7). Camphane-type terpenoid alcohols, (+)-bomeol (Gl) and (—)-isobomeol (G2), have been isolated from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae). A ketone derived from these, (-h)-camphor (G3), is found in the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora) and in the leaves of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage Salvia officinalis, Labiatae). Camphene (G4) and its enantiomer with the isocamphane carbon skeleton are known to occur in the oils of citronella and turpentine. Fenchane-type bicyclic cyclopentane monoterpenoids are commonly found in plants as their ketone derivatives. (—)-Fenchone (G5) occurs in the tree of life Thuja occidentalis, Cupres-saceae). Its enantiomer, (+)-fenchone (G6), has been isolated from the oil of fennel Foeniculum vulgare, Umbelliferae). 

Composition Up to 55% 1,8-cineole, camphor, bomeol and its acetate, a-terpineol, terpinene-4-ol, linalool, verbenone, 3-octanone and terpene hydrocarbons. For detailed analyses see e.g. [254, 255, 256[. Even if different chemotypes of rosemary exist, only two qualities are of commercial interest (ISO and European Pharmacopoeia give almost identical specifications) ... 

Camphor oil. Rose, Honeysuckle, Rosemary, Olibanum, Lily of the Valley root and flower. Cucumber seeds. Orris Root. Mercuiy... 

ROSEMARY The spice rosemary, Rosmarini folium, is the dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L, family Lamiaceae, which is an evergreen shrub in the Mediterranean region. The leaves contain volatile oil, Rosmarini aetheroleum (1-2.5%) with a- and j -pinene, cineole, borneol and camphor (10-20% of the oil). 

Camphene, a- Rosemary plant, P-Pinene, Cineole, and spruce needles Camphor, Bomeol, Bomyl Acetate, Humulene Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamon Coumarin, C15H24 Isomers Limonene, a- Orange peel P-Pinene, C15H24 Limonene, Menthol, Chewing gum Isomenthone, Carvone, Menthone, C15H24 45 0.90 300... 

The lotion contains pramoxine hydrochloride 1% and zinc acetate 0.1% and inactive ingredients alcohol USP, camphor, citric acid, diazolidinyl urea, fragrance, glycerin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylparaben, oil of lavender, oil of rosemary, polysorbate 40, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, and sodium citrate. The... 

Thero has been some difficulty in preparing this liniment a.s directed in the dispensatory, on account of its coagulating. The following formula makes a tincture which remains fluid at all temperatures. Take 4 ounces castilo soap, 2 ounces camphor, i ounco oil of rosemary, 16 ounces water, and 20 ounces 95 per cent, alcohol,... 

Liqxiid Opodeldoc. Take 2 ounces castilo soap shavings, and dissolve it in 1 quart alcohol, with gentle heat, then add 1 ounce camphor, 4 ounce oil rosemary, and 2 ounces spirits hi tshom. 

Nervine Balaam or Baume NervaL Expressed oil of mace, and prepared ox-marrow, of each 4 ounces melted together oil of rosemary, 2 drachms oil of cloves, 1 drachm camphor, 1 drachm balsam of tolu, 2 drachms the last two dissolved in rectified spirit, 4 fluid drachms and tho whole stirred till cold. 

Melt together 4 ounces oil of mace and 4 ounces beef nmrrow. DiSvSolvo in 4 drachms alcohol, 2 drachms each oil of rosemary and balsam of tolu, and 1 drachm each cf camphor and oil of cloves. Mix all together. A good liniment iu rheumatism. 

II. Rectified spirits, 8 pints white soap, 20 ounces camphor, 8 ounces water of ammonia, 4 ounces oil of rosemary, 1 ounce oil of horsemint, 1 ounce dissolve the soap In the spirit by a gentle heat, and add the other ingredients. Bottle whilst warm. 

The lotion is prepared of two different strengths the milder lotion consists of 4 Crachms of the ammonia, 3 drachms of the spirit of rosemary, and 1 (Irochm of the camphor spirit. 

The stronger lotion contains 5 drachms of the ammonia, 2 of the spirit of rosemary, and 1 of the camphor. The milder is generally sufficient to produce full vesication in from 3 to 10 minutes. The stronger is seldom used except in apoplexy, and to produce cauterization,... 

Oil of Rosemary. Volatile oil from fresh flowering cops of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Labiatae. Constit Not less than 10% total borneol not less than 2,5% esters calculated horny] acetate camphor, eucalyptol, pinene, cam phene. 

Some important bicyclic monoterpenoids are shown in Figure 5.2. Camphor occurs very widely in nature. The richest source is the oil distilled from the wood of the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphor a). This wood has a long history of use for furniture in China. Linen stored in camphorwood chests is free from attack by insects such as moths owing to the insect repellent properties of camphor. It is also found in a wide range of flowers, such as lavender, and herbs, such as sage and rosemary. Isobornyl acetate occurs in herbs such as sage,... 

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