Caldum chloride

Caldum chloride test. Add CaCl2 solution to a neutrai solution of an oxalate a white precipitate of calcium oxalate is formed, insoluble in acetic acid, but soluble in dil. HCl. 

Erp P van, Houba V and Beusichem M van (1998) One Hrmdredth Molar Caldum Chloride Extraction Procedure Part i. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 29 1603-1623. 

Caldum chloride High/medium/high Reacts with many functional groups... 

In a thoroughly dry 500-ml., three-necked, round-bottomed flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, dropping funnel, and a Y-tube containing a caldum chloride drying tube and a thermometer (Note 1) are placed 24.2 g. (26 ml., 0.20 mole) of a-phenyl-ethylamine (Note 2) and 50 ml. of dry benzene (Note 3). The solution is cooled in an ice-salt bath to 5°, and a solution of 44.5 g. (50 ml., 0.41 mole) of feri-butyl hypochlorite2 (Note 4) in 50 ml. of dry benzene (Note 3) is added at such a rate as to maintain the temperature below 10° (Note 5). After the addition of the tert-butyl hypochlorite solution is complete, the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature 1-4 hours (Note 6). 

The action of fuming nitric acid transforms benzene and its homologues (toluene, xylene) into nitro-compounds (nitrobenzene, etc.), which remain in the acid liquid, from which the mineral oil is subsequently separated. The liquid is then diluted with as much water and the solution neutralised with caustic soda solution and extracted with ether. The ethereal liquid (dried with a few granules of caldum chloride and filtered) is evaporated at a gentle heat and the residue weighed. If tar oils are present, this residue will consist of a reddish-brown oily liquid, heavier than water and with the odour characteristic of aromatic nitro-derivatives. The weight found, divided by 1-15 (mean sp. gr. of aromatic nitro-compounds), will give the volume. 

The orange solid is isolated by filtration, and the filtrate is extracted with two 125-cc. portions of benzene. Thfe combined orange crystals and benzene extracts are washed with 10-20% aqueous sodium hydroxide and then with water. After drying over caldum chloride, the benzene is removed and the residue is distilled at 10 mm. There is obtained 22.4 g. (80%) of m-nitrotoluene b.p. 100-102° 1.5468. 

The ketone is separated from the water in the distillate, either by salting out with caldum chloride or by extraction with a little ether. It is washed with a little aqueous alkali and then with water, dried over calcium chloride, and distilled through a good fractionating column (Note 5). The fraction boiling at 128-131° is cyclopentanone. The yield is 86-92 g. (75-80 per cent of the theoretical amount). 

A. Diethyl oi-acelyl-fi-ketopimelate. In a 2-1. three-necked flask equipped with a merauy-sealed Hershberg stirrer, a dropping funnel, and a reflux condenser protected with a caldum chloride tube are placed ll.S g. (0.5 g. atom) of finely powdered sodium (Note 1) and 500 ml. of dry ether. The flask is placed in an ice bath, and 65.0 g. (63.5 ml., 0.5 mole) of freshly distilled ethyl acetoacetate in 150 ml. of dry ether is slowly added from the dropping funnel with stirring (approximate time for addition is 30-40 minutes). The mixture is stirred overnight, then it is... 

Molybdenum can also be recovered economically from some uranium leach liquors, particularly those of the USA. When uranium is stripped from amine extractants by solutions of sodium chloride, any molybdenum present remains in the organic phase, and can be subsequently recovered by being stripped into a solution of sodium carbonate. A process has been operated in which the strip liquor is acidified to a pH value of 4.5 and the molybdenum is reextracted into a solution of quatemarj amine chloride in kerosene. The extracted metal is stripped into a solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride to produce liquors containing 30-40 g of molybdenum per litre, from which caidum molybdate can be precipitated by the addition of caldum chloride. 

Concerning the purification of the add-esters, it may be mentioned, that the crude reaction-product is shaken with a sodium carbonate solution until the ester no longer shows an acid reaction. The alcohol may be removed from esters difficultly soluble in water by repeatedly washing with water in case an ester is moderately soluble In water, as ethyl acetate, it is better to use a solution of caldum chloride... 

Purification of Acetic Ester The acetic ester prepared according to Reaction 6, even after it has been freed from acetic add and alcohol by shaking with sodium carbonate and calcium chloride respectively, dried over calcium chloride, and finally rectified, is not suitable for this preparation, since it reacts too violently with sodium. But if it is allowed to stand, after distilling, for some hours, over night at least, in a well-closed flask, over about its volume of granulated caldum chloride, and is then filtered, it may be used for the successful preparation of acetacetic ester. 

If commercial acetic ester is to be used, it must be shaken with a sodium carbonate solution, as described on page 137, treated with caldum chloride solution, etc. in short, it is treated as the crude product obtained in the preparation of acetic ester. Obviously, it is also necessary to allow it to stand over night in contact with calcium chloride, after the distillation. 

The yield of acetacetic ester may be further increased if the acetic ester, after being filtered from the caldum chloride, is again distilled, care being taken to prevent the absorption of moisture. All parts of the apparatus must be perfectly dried, and the end of... 

In salting out the product from the distillate it is reported that potassium carbonate is more satisfactory thajn caldum chloride traces of adipic add are removed, and the loss which attends washing with alkali is avoided. 

The liquor-side enthalpies // , Hf, and H depend upon the characteristics of the solution being concentrated. Most solutions when mixed or diluted at constant temperature do not give much heat effect. This is true of solutions of organic substances and of moderately concentrated solutions of many inorganic substances. Thus sugar, salt, and papermill liquors do not possess appreciable heats of dilution or mixing. Sulfuric add, sodium hydroxide, and caldum chloride, on the other hand, especially in concentrated solutions, evolve considerable heat when diluted and so possess appreciable heats of dilution. An equivalent amount of heat is required, in addition to the latent heat of vaporization, when dilute solutions of these substances are concentrated to high densities. 

Cadmium alkyl, 28, 75, 79 Cadmium chloride, 28, 75 Caldum carbonate, 22, 54 Caldum chloride, 23, 103 n-Caproic add, 21,13 CaPROIC ACID, Ot-CYANO-, ETHYL ESTER, 26,21... 

A solution of 20 g. of 2,4-diaminotoluene sulfate in 200 cc. of water at 60° is cooled to 40° (Note 10), and made alkaline to litmus with saturated sodium hydroxide solution (Note ii). To this solution is added 15 g. of the sulfate and this is dissolved by raising the temperature of the mixture to 55°. The solution is cooled to 40° and made slightly alkaline to litmus with saturated sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is then cooled to 30° and filtered by suction. The remainder of the diaminotoluene sulfate (14 g.) is then dissolved in the filtrate by heating the mixture to 55°. The solution is cooled to 40° and again made alkaline to litmus with saturated sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is cooled to 25° and the diaminotoluene crystals are collected on a Buchner ftmnel. The entire product is dried to constant weight in a desiccator over caldum chloride. The yield is 26.5 g. (95 per cent of the theoretical amount based on the diaminotoluene sulfate used) of a product melting at 97-98.5°. 

DuPont s w-aramid polymer, MPDI, is polymerized using essentially a 1 1 molar ratio of w-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride [85]. Patent literature indicates that the fiber, Nomex, is spun directly from the polymerization solution in DMAc, which contains caldum chloride. MPDI polymer solutions containing >3% by weight calcium chloride are quite stable [2]. 

The main impurities are nitrotoluene, dinitrophenol, dinitrobenzene and aniline, which can be removed by steam distillation from a mixture with dilute sulphuric add. The water content of the nitrobenzene may then be bound by caldum chloride treatment. Finally, the purification is completed by vacuum distillation from phosphorus pentoxide. The purified sample should be stored in a dark bottle. 

Caldum-chloride-ethanol solution bodied with nylon is recommended for nylon-to-nylon joints where there is possibility of contact with foods or where phenol or resorcinol would be otherwise objectionable. 

The Russian process uses only a 25 per cent excess of caldum but also a quantity of caldum chloride is adddl to the readants, equivalent to 40 per cent of the weight of the thorium oxide. Leaching is with hydrochloric add, but this is followed by a polishing operation with 15 per cent nitric acid before washing and drying. 

The crude product is dissolved in 25 mL of hot 50% (v/v) methanol, filtered, and the filtrate is allowed to stand about 20 h at room temperature. The resulting crystalline product is collected by filtration, washed with cold 50% methanol (a few mL), then with ethanol and dried over caldum chloride in a vacuum desiccator. Yield 2.4 g (30%) rap 143°C (softened at 139°C), sparingly soluble in ethanol and water, and soluble in methanol. The compound is the dihydrochloride, containing 1 mole of water of crystallization, C20H24N2O6 2HCI H2O. HNMR (DMSO) 57.3-6.8 (m, 8H, arom) 54.06, 53.66, 5.21 (s, 12H, NCHj). CNMR (DMSO) 5170 (COOH) 5156 (phenol) 5132, 5130, 5119, 515.5 (arom) 552.7, 552.1, 559.4 (NCHj). 

Reagents and Equipment. Weigh and add 108 mg (1.0 mmol) of o-phenylenediamine to a 3.0-mL conical vial containing a magnetic spin vane. Now add 64 xL (79 mg, 1.7 mmol) of 90% fonnic add, and attach the vial to a reflm condenser protected by a caldum chloride drying tube ( -). 

Ammonium aluminum molten 662-716 very rapid Caldum chloride 5 212(100) 0 02 (0.005) ... 

Oxalic acid, a) Addify the solution of the compound with dilute acetic add and add aqueous caldum chloride. A white predpitate indicates an oxalate. Confirm by filtering and warming the washed predpitate with dilute sulphuric add and potassium permanganate solution. The purple colour is discharged. 

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