Zinc sulfate Calcium compounds

Selective Reduction. In aqueous solution, europium(III) [22541 -18-0] reduction to europium(II) [16910-54-6] is carried out by treatment with amalgams or zinc, or by continuous electrolytic reduction. Photochemical reduction has also been proposed. When reduced to the divalent state, europium exhibits chemical properties similar to the alkaline-earth elements and can be selectively precipitated as a sulfate, for example. This process is highly selective and allows production of high purity europium fromlow europium content solutions (see Calcium compounds Strontiumand strontium compounds). 

Because there are so many metal sulfides, chemists usually use the letter M in the formula to indicate that sulfur can combine with just about any metal (e.g., MHS, M S, M2S3, and so on). Sulfate ions (SO ) also combine with many different metal atoms to form common compounds, such as copper sulfate (CuSO ) and magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, lead sulfate, zinc sulfate, and barium sulfate. 

Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds (a) lithium hydride (b) calcium bromate (c)chromium(II) oxide id) thorium(IV) perchlorate (e) nickel phosphate if) zinc sulfate. 

Write the formula for each of the following compounds (a) aluminum hydride, (b) calcium chloride, (c) lithium oxide, (d) silver nitrate, (e) iron(II) sulfite, (f) aluminum chloride, (g) ammonium carbonate, (h) zinc sulfate, (/) iron(in) oxide, (/) sodium phosphate, k) iron(ni) acetate, (/) ammonium chloride, and (m) copper(I) cyanide. 

Salts Compounds formed by the union of acids and bases, by the action of alkalies upon metals, or by the direct union of elements. The term is often incorporated in the common name of salts used as pharmaceuticals bitter salts, epsom salt, or Seidlitz salt (magnesium sulfate), preparing salt (sodium stannate), Preston s salts (ammonium chloride), Rochelle salt or Seignette s salt (potassium and ammonium tartrate), salt of Mars (ferrous sulfate), salt of Saturn (lead acetate), salt of tartar (potassium carbonate), salt of tin (stannous chloride), salt of wisdom (mercury bichloride and ammonium chloride), sore-throat salt (fused potassium nitrate), vinegar salts (calcium acetate), and vomiting salt (zinc sulfate). The term is also applied to some acids, such as salt of lemon or sour salt (citric acid), salt of sorrel (oxalic acid), and spirit of salt (muriatic acid). ... 

Cathodic precipitates increase cathodic site passivity with precipitation of insoluble compounds. Frequendy used cathodic precipitation inhibitors are CaCOs, MgCOs, or zinc sulfates that precipitate as Zn(OH)2. The efficiency of these inhibitors is only controlled by pH adjustment. Calcium carbonate (limestone) dissolves in water as calcium bicarbonate Ca(HC03)2- Carefid pH control forms smooth and hard calcium carbonate barrier films. Once the precipitate is formed, pH must be carefully controlled to avoid film dissolution at lower pH values ... 

It was observed that the most efficient oxidant was KMnO absorbed on a fourfold molar amount of CUSO4.5H2O (100% yield), but attempts were made to oxidize 2-heptanol, under solvent-free conditions, by KMnO alone (i.e., in the absence of the support of an inorganic salt hydrate) were absolutely unsuccessful. Various inorganic salts were tried and yielded varied amounts of the product. The better supports include nickel sulfate (90%), zinc sulfate (74%), and cobalt sulfate (41%) while other supports were not that interesting like magnesium sulfate (12%), calcium sulfate (11%) and barium chloride (3%). Zeolite HZSM-5 was used as a catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compound with chromium trioxide under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation (Heravi et al., 1999). 

The formulation of calcium chelate materials is based upon the formation of a low-solubiUty chelate between calcium hydroxide and a sahcylate. Dycal utilizes the reaction product of a polyhydric compound and sahcyhc acid. Other sahcyhc acid esters can be similarly used. Vehicles used to carry the calcium hydroxide, extenders, and fillers may include mineral oil, A/-ethyl- -toluenesulfonamide [80-39-7] and polymeric fluids. The filler additions may include titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] zinc oxide, sihca [7631-86-9], calcium sulfate, and barium sulfate [7727-43-7]. Zinc oxide and barium sulfate are useflil as x-ray opacifying agents to ensure a density greater than that of normal tooth stmcture. Resins, rosin, limed rosins, and modified rosins may serve as modifiers of the physical characteristics in both the unset and set states. 

About 100 fungicides me required for these various uses in the United States. The principal ones are sulfur, liine-sulfur (polysulfides of calcium) copper sulfate (or ils equivalent in the oxides, basic sulfates, oxychloride and other relatively insnluhle copper compounds) creosote products and zinc chloride, both used as wood preservatives and a wide variety of organic compounds. Among the latter are several dithiocarbamates. such as ferbam and zineb, and other thio compounds, like N-(trichloronielhyllhio>-phthalimide (folpel) cis-NfI Irtchloroniclhy] Jthio)-4-cyclohexane- 1.2-dicaiboxyimide (captan) and 8-hydroxyquinoline. 

Inorganic pigments are found in the earth. Iron and lead oxides provide earth colors. Copper calcium silicate and cobalt stannate provide blues. The colors burnt sienna and burnt umber come from iron oxides. Green pigments come from chromic oxide, calcinated cobalt, and zinc and aluminum oxides. Red pigments come from cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and barium sulfate. All these chemical compounds come from the earth. 

X-ray Diffraction Analysis. The inorganic components of paper are the most suitable ones for quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Most of these compounds are minerals and are present as fillers, coatings and pigments (often whiteners) which are added to improve the properties of the paper. Examples of compounds commonly added to paper are alumina, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium sul-foaluminate, iron oxide, magnesium silicate, silica, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and zinc sulfide (28). Some of these, e.g., calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide, may be present in any of... 

Part of the calcium content, which was formerly present as hydroxide, is now carbonatized. It can be expected that cadmium and lead are present as carbonates, since these compounds are less soluble than the respective hydroxides. Zinc concentrations are widely unchanged. Chromium contents, however, wUl depend on sorption processes on iron oxide (Ker-sten et al. 1998) or barium sulfate (Johnson et al. 1999). 

The absorption of ciprofloxacin is markedly reduced by iron and zinc compounds. Several studies have clearly demonstrated reductions in the AUC and maximum serum levels of 30 to 90% with ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, iron-glycine sulfate, Centrum Forte (a multi-mineral preparation containing iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium, copper and manganese) and with Stresstabs 600-with-zinc (a multi vitamin-with-zinc preparation). However iron-ovotransferrin has been found to have no significant effect on the absorption of ciprofloxacin. ... 

Stabilizers are almost invariably added to PVC to improve its heat and light stability. The species found effective in stabilizing PVC are those that are able to absorb or neutralize HCl, react with free radicals, react with double bonds, or neutralize other species that might accelerate degradation. Lead compounds, such as basic lead carbonate and tribasic lead sulfate, and metal soaps of barium, cadmium, lead, zinc, and calcium are used as stabilizers. Obviously, they can react with HCl. Epoxy plasticizers aid in stabilizing the resin. Another group of stabilizers are the organotin compounds, which find application because of their resistance to sulfur and because they can yield crystal-clear compounds. 

Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds, and indicate the oxidation state of the group 6A element in each (a) selenous acid, (b) potassium hydrogen sulfite, (c) hydrogen teUuride, (d) carbon disulfide, (e) calcium sulfate, (f) cadmium sulfide, (g) zinc teUuride. 

Write the formulas for the following compounds (a) sodium sulfate decahydrate, (b) calcium sulfate monohydrate, (c) magnesium chloride hexahydrate, and (d) zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate. 

---