Calcium acetate bicarbonate

Pharmacologic therapy with sodium bicarbonate or citrate/citric acid preparations maybe needed in patients with stage 3 CKD or higher to replenish body stores of bicarbonate. Calcium carbonate and calcium acetate, used to bind phosphorus in sHPT, also aid in increasing serum bicarbonate levels, in conjunction with other agents. 

Bromic acid Bromine, anhydrous Butadiene Butane Butyl acetate Butyl chloride Butyl ether Butyl lactate Butyl mercaptan Butyl chloride Cadmium chloride Cadmium nitrate Cadmium sulfate Cadmium sulfide Calcium acetate Calcium arsenate Calcium bicarbonate Calcium bisulfide Calcium hydrosulfide Calcium carbide Calcium carbonate Calcium chlorate Calcium chloride Calcium chromate Calcium fluoride Calcium hydroxide Calcium h) pochlorite Calcium nitrate Calcium oxide Calcium peroxide Calcium phosphate Calcium stearate Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfide Calcium sulfite Cane sugar liquors Capric acid Carbamate Carbon bisulfide Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon fluorides Carbon monoxide Caustic lime... 

Acetylated mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Algin Ammonium bicarbonate Bakers yeast extract Baker s yeast qlycan Calcium acetate Calcium chloride Calcium gluconate Calcium phosphate dibasic Calcium phosphate monobasic anhydrous Calcium phosphate tribasic Calcium sulfate Cellulose Cocoa butter substitute Coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil... 

Slosarczyk et al. have used a wet method to obtain carbonated HAp powders [56, 57]. Calcium oxide (CaO), calcium nitrate, calcium tetrahydrate [Ca(N03)2-4H20] or calcium acetate [Ca(CH3COO)2-H20] were used as the calcium source. As the phosphorous source, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or di-ammonium phosphate [(NH4)2HP04] were used. The molar ratio of Ca P was 1.67. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) were used as reactants to introduce groups. Biological apatites in natural bone, dentin, and enamel... 

Coumarin. In a 250 ml. round-bottomed flask, provided with a small reflux condenser and a calcium chloride drying tube at the top, place 2 1 g, of salicylaldehyde, 2 0 ml. of anhydrous triethylamine and 5 0 ml. of acetic anhydride, and reflux the mixture gently for 12 hours. Steam distil the mixture from the reaction flask and discard the distillate. Render the residue in the flask basic to litmus with solid sodium bicarbonate, cool, filter the precipitated crude coumarin at the pump and wash it with a little cold water. Acidify the filtrate to Congo red with... 

Acetylcyclohexanone. Method A. Place a mixture of 24-6 g. of cyclohexanone (regenerated from the bisulphite compound) and 61 g. (47 5 ml.) of A.R. acetic anhydride in a 500 ml. three-necked flask, fitted with an efficient sealed stirrer, a gas inlet tube reaching to within 1-2 cm. of the surface of the liquid combined with a thermometer immersed in the liquid (compare Fig. II, 7, 12, 6), and (in the third neck) a gas outlet tube leading to an alkali or water trap (Fig. II, 8, 1). Immerse the flask in a bath of Dry Ice - acetone, stir the mixture vigorously and pass commercial boron trifluoride (via an empty wash bottle and then through 95 per cent, sulphuric acid) as fast as possible (10-20 minutes) until the mixture, kept at 0-10°, is saturated (copious evolution of white fumes when the outlet tube is disconnected from the trap). Replace the Dry Ice-acetone bath by an ice bath and pass the gas in at a slower rate to ensure maximum absorption. Stir for 3 6 hours whilst allowing the ice bath to attain room temperature slowly. Pour the reaction mixture into a solution of 136 g. of hydrated sodium acetate in 250 ml. of water, reflux for 60 minutes (or until the boron fluoride complexes are hydrolysed), cool in ice and extract with three 50 ml. portions of petroleum ether, b.p. 40-60° (1), wash the combined extracts free of acid with sodium bicarbonate solution, dry over anhydrous calcium sulphate, remove the solvent by... 

Concentration limits for chloride and acetate in PN typically are linked to limitations for sodium and potassium. The usual ratio of chloride acetate in PN is about 1 1 to 1.5 1. Chloride and acetate primarily play a role in acid-base balance. Acetate is converted to bicarbonate at a 1 1 molar ratio. This conversion appears to occur mostly outside the liver. Bicarbonate never should be added to or coinfused with PN solutions. This can lead to the release of carbon dioxide and potentially result in the formation of calcium or magnesium carbonate (very insoluble salts). 

Numerous methods for the synthesis of salicyl alcohol exist. These involve the reduction of salicylaldehyde or of salicylic acid and its derivatives. The alcohol can be prepared in almost theoretical yield by the reduction of salicylaldehyde with sodium amalgam, sodium borohydride, or lithium aluminum hydride by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum black or Raney nickel or by hydrogenation over platinum and ferrous chloride in alcohol. The electrolytic reduction of salicylaldehyde in sodium bicarbonate solution at a mercury cathode with carbon dioxide passed into the mixture also yields saligenin. It is formed by the electrolytic reduction at lead electrodes of salicylic acids in aqueous alcoholic solution or sodium salicylate in the presence of boric acid and sodium sulfate. Salicylamide in aqueous alcohol solution acidified with acetic acid is reduced to salicyl alcohol by sodium amalgam in 63% yield. Salicyl alcohol forms along with -hydroxybenzyl alcohol by the action of formaldehyde on phenol in the presence of sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. High yields of salicyl alcohol from phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a molar equivalent of ether additives have been reported (60). Phenyl metaborate prepared from phenol and boric acid yields salicyl alcohol after treatment with formaldehyde and hydrolysis (61). 

A MiXTbire of 12 g. (0.50 gram atom) of magnesium turnings, 130 g. (1.0 mole) of ethyl acetoacetate, 200 g. of benzene (dried over sodium), and 120 g. (1.50 moles) of acetyl chloride is heated under reflux for two hours in a i-l. round-bottomed flask provided with a condenser closed by a calcium chloride tube and supported in an oil bath (85-90°) (Note 1). The yellow reaction mixture is cooled in an ice bath, and the liquid portion decanted into a separatory funnel. The residue in the flask is washed twice with 50-cc. portions of ether, and the ethereal solution poured over ice. The ether-water mixture is then added to the benzene solution in the separatory funnel, and the mixture is shaken thoroughly (Note 2) the aqueous layer is drawn off and discarded. The benzene-ether solution is washed once with 500 cc. of 5 per cent sodium bicarbonate solution, once with 50 cc. of water, and finally dried over calcium chloride. The ether and most of the benzene are removed by distillation from a water bath, and the remainder of the benzene is driven off at 50°/5o mm. The ethyl diacetylacetate is then precipitated from the residue as copper derivative by the addition of 1200 cc. of a saturated aqueous solution of copper acetate (Note 3). After addition of the copper acetate solution, the contents of the flask are shaken vigorously now and then and allowed to stand for an hour to ensure complete precipitation of the copper derivative. The blue copper derivative is filtered on a Buchner funnel, washed with two 50-cc. portions of water, and transferred directly to a separatory funnel where it is mixed with 600 cc. of ether. 

Methyl a-D-glucopyranoside (7.6 g), in dry pyridine (lOOmL) and benzyl chloride (7.6 g), was refluxed with a calcium chloride tube fitted to the top of the condenser for 9 h. After cooling to room temperature, acetic anhydride (20 mL) was added, and the solution allowed to stand overnight Excess water was added, and the mixture was extracted with benzene. The benzene layer was washed with, in turn, ice cold 1 M sulfuric acid, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and finally water. The benzene solution was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The dark-colored residue was recrystallized to yield methyl 2,3-di-0-acetyl-4,5-0-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside 21 mp 101-104°C, [a]D +75° (c 1.0, chloroform). Part of die material was deacetylaied with 1.67% ammonia in methanol to yield methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside 19 mp 161-163°C undepressed on admixture with an authentic sample. 

Other physical phenomena that may be associated, at least partially, with complex formation are the effect of a salt on the viscosity of aqueous solutions of a sugar and the effect of carbohydrates on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Measurements have been made of the increase in viscosity of aqueous sucrose solutions caused by the presence of potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium oxalate, and the potassium and calcium salt of 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid.81 Potassium acetate has a greater effect than potassium chloride, and calcium ion is more effective than potassium ion. Conductivities of 0.01-0.05 N aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate, in both the presence and absence of sucrose, have been determined by Selix.88 At a sucrose concentration of 15° Brix (15.9 g. of sucrose/100 ml. of solution), an increase of 1° Brix in sucrose causes a 4% decrease in conductivity. Landt and Bodea88 studied dilute aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and tetra-... 

After sterilization, yeast is added to initiate fermentation. McConnell and Schramm (1995) recommend inoculation with no less than 10% by volume. Moreover, as the pH of honey is naturally low and because it is poorly buffered, the pH of must may drop during fermentation to a point limiting yeast efficiency. pH reduction can result from the synthesis of acetic and succinic acids by the yeast cells (Sroka and Tuszynski, 2007). While a rapid decline in pH inhibits undesirable microbial activity (Sroka and Tuszynski, 2007), it also reduces the dissociation of fatty acids in the wort, potentially slowing yeast metabolic action. For this, addition of a buffer is important to maintain the pH within a range of 3.7-4.0 throughout fermentation (McConnell and Schramm, 1995). Calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid are potential candidates. However, as some of these salts can add a bitter-salty... 

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