Caffeine behavioral effects

The various stimulants have no obvious chemical relationships and do not share primary neurochemical effects, despite their similar behavioral effects. Cocaines chemical strucmre does not resemble that of caffeine, nicotine, or amphetamine. Cocaine binds to the dopamine reuptake transporter in the central nervous system, effectively inhibiting dopamine reuptake. It has similar effects on the transporters that mediate norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. As discussed later in this chapter in the section on neurochemical actions mediating stimulant reward, dopamine is very important in the reward system of the brain the increase of dopamine associated with use of cocaine probably accounts for the high dependence potential of the drug. 

Garrett BE, Griffiths RR The role of dopamine in the behavioral effects of caffeine in animals and humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 57 533—541, 1997... 

Snyder, S. H., Adenosine as a mediator of the behavioral effects of xanthines, in Caffeine Perspective from Recent Research, Dews, P. B., Ed., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1984, chap. 3. 

Hasenfratz, M., and Battig, K., Action profiles of smoking and caffeine Stroop effect, EEG, and peripheral physiology. Pharmacology, -Biochemistry-and-Behavior 42(1), 155-161, 1992. 

Although perhaps counterintuitive, caffeine does not increase disruptive behavior in preschool children when objectively assessed (Baer 1987). A meta-analysis of 12 studies failed to show any adverse cognitve or behavioral effects in children (Stein et al. 1996). 

Behavioral effects Several behavioral effects of valerian have been noted in animals. These include suppression of the orienting response in an open-field paradigm, decreasing spontaneous and caffeine-induced motor... 

Rapoport JL, Berg G, Ismond DR, Zahn TP, Neims A. (1984). Behavioral effects of caffeine in children. Relationship between dietary choice and effects of caffeine challenge. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 41(11) 1073-79. 

Tanda G, Goldberg SR (2000) Alteration of the behavioral effects of nicotine by chronic caffeine exposure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 66 47-64... 

People who drink caffeine have learned from experience how much to consume and thus to avoid the adverse behavioral effects of too much caffeine. Excessive consumption of caffeine is an almost perfect example of the fundamental dose-response principle of toxicology. A sudden reduction in caffeine consumption by... 

Rush, C.R., Higgins, S.T., Bickel, W.K., Hughes, J.R. Acute behavioral effects of lorazepam and caffeine, alone and in combination, in humans. Behav. Pharmacol. 5, 245-254, 1994. 

Rush, C.R. et al., Acute behavioral effects of triazolam and caffeine, alone and in combination, in... 

Dews PB. Behavioral effects of caffeine. In Dews PB, ed. Caffeine. Berlin ... 

Behavioral effects of combining alcohol and caffeine The contribution of drug-related expectancies. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacolojiy, 3, 33-38. 

Hughes, J. R., 8c Hale, K. L. (1998). Behavioral effects of caffeine and other mediyixanthincs on children. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 6, 87-95. 

Tarka wrote an extensive review of the toxicology of cocoa and the methylxanthenes, theobromine, caffeine and theophyllin. The review involved biological and behavioral effects, metabolism, species variation, pregnancy. 

The increasing scientific attention devoted to caffeine in recent years9 reflects not only its popularity and widespread use, but also concern that it may have detrimental physiological effects and interest in its impact on psychological functioning and behavior. Health concerns have focused primarily on cardiovascular function.4-10 Early studies suggested that caffeine consumption may increase the risk of some cardiovascular problems.11-12 However, more recent studies provide little support for this concern, with the possible exception of blood pressure.13 Lipid profiles appear to be unaffected by habitual caffeine consumption.1417 Moreover,... 

Human functioning the dual-interaction model. (From Smith, B.D., Effects of acute and habitual caffeine ingestion in physiology and behavior Tests of a biobehavioral arousal theory. Special issue Caffeine Research, Pharmacopsychoecologia, 7(2), 151-167, 1994. With permission.)... 

As we noted earlier, caffeine affects not only arousal, but also other behavioral influences such as attentional focus. However, it now appears that these other effects may be secondary to the impact of the drug on arousal and that a multi-factorial model incorporating the inverted-U function may best describe that relationship. Most results in the literature to date are supportive of the biobehavioral model proposed here. However, research on the psychological effects of acute and habitual caffeine... 

Smith, B., Rafferty, J., Lindgren, K., Smtih, D. and Nespor, A. Effects of habitual caffeine use and acute ingestion Testing a biobehavioral model. Physiology and Behavior 51, 131-137, 1992. 

Baer, R., Effects of caffeine on classroom behavior, sustained attention, and a memory task in preschool childern. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 20(3), 225-234, 1987. 

Hasenfratz, M., Bunge, A., Dal-Pra, G., Battig, K., Antagonistic effects of caffeine and alcohol on mental performance parameters. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 46(2), 463-465, 1993. 

France, C., Ditto, B., Caffeine effects on several indices of cardiovascular activity at rest and during stress. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 11(5), 473-482, 1988. 

Smith, B. D., Davidson, R. A., Green, R. L. Effects of caffeine and gender on physiology and performance Further tests of a biobehavioral model. Physiology and Behavior 54, 415-522, 1993. 

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