Cardiovascular activity

France, C., Ditto, B., Caffeine effects on several indices of cardiovascular activity at rest and during stress. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 11(5), 473-482, 1988. 

The medulla contains control centers for subconscious, involuntary functions, such as cardiovascular activity, respiration, swallowing, and vomiting. The primary function of the pons is to serve as a relay for the transfer of... 

The original proposal of the approach, supported by a Monte Carlo simulation study [36], has been further validated with both pre-clinical [38, 39] and clinical studies [40]. It has been shown to be robust and accurate, and is not highly dependent on the models used to fit the data. The method can give poor estimates of absorption or bioavailability in two sets of circumstances (i) when the compound shows nonlinear pharmacokinetics, which may happen when the plasma protein binding is nonlinear, or when the compound has cardiovascular activity that changes blood flow in a concentration-dependent manner or (ii) when the rate of absorption is slow, and hence flip-flop kinetics are observed, i.e., when the apparent terminal half-life is governed by the rate of drug input. 

Carilli, J. A. Lewicki, J. D. Baxter, and M. N. James, Structure of recombinant human renin, a target for cardiovascular-active drugs, at 2.5 A resolution, Science 243 1346 (1989). 

Hypoglycemia results in depression of CNS function, with rostral brain regions being affected before more caudally situated regions. For example, in severe hypoglycemia associated with isoelectric EEG tracings, cerebral cortical activity is absent but medullary function persists, as indicated by the maintenance of effective respiratory and cardiovascular activity. 

Clinically, it has been confirmed that the drug is an effective bronchodilator with very little cardiovascular activity it does not appear to increase hypoxaemia [439]. A more detailed study [440], comparing salbutamol with isoprenaline and orciprenaline, demonstrated that 200 jug of salbutamol provided effective bronchodilation for at least three hours without detectable cardiac stimulation. Equivalent bronchodilator doses of isoprenaline and orciprenaline were 1000 /ag and 1500 jUg respectively. The bronchial effects of isoprenaline, though initially intense, waned within one hour and cardiac effects were noted. In this trial little objective difference could be detected between salbutamol and orciprenaline at the dose levels used, though most patients expressed preference for salbutamol. 

Major metabolite cardiovascular activity is approximately 20% that of verapamil, following cessation of multiple dosing. 

Severe hypotension may require judicious use of cardiovascular active... 

Trifluoperazine is also a more potent antipsychotic than chlorpromazine with only minor sedative, anticholinergic and cardiovascular activity. 

B.J. Whittle, S. Moncada, K. Mullane, J.R. Vane, Platelet and cardiovascular activity of the hydantoin BW245C, a potent prostaglandin analogue. Prostaglandins 25 (1983) 205. 

Danielsson BR, Webster WS (1997) Cardiovascular active drugs. In Kavlock RJ, Daston G (eds) Drug toxicity in embryonic development II advances in understanding mechanisms of birth defects mechanistic understanding of human developmental toxicants. Springer, Berlin, pp 161-190... 

S. Toigo, and A. Pasquale. Cardiovascular activity of the young shoots and leaves of Olea europaea L. and of ole-aropein. Plant Med Phytother 1990 24(4) 264-277. 

An intrinsic abnormality of central noradrenergic activity in panic disorder might produce abnormalities beyond those seen in the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropin axis. For example, areas of the central nervous system with profound noradrenergic enervation play a crucial role in the regulation of cardiovascular activity. Hence, noradrenergic dysregulation in panic disorder may be observable in the activity of the cardiovascular system. 

Lundy and McKay studied the effects of Intravenous CR on cardiovascular activity in anesthetized cats. Dose-dependent stimula-... 

EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY How does one classify this kind of compound It doesn t seem to be a psychedelic, at least at the levels reported. A stimulant There were no mentions made of any increase in cardiovascular activity. It sounds like an example of a tactile stimulant,... 

In an application dealing with antithrombotic and antihypertensive compositions, the disulfite 163 of isosorbide was mentioned as one of the possible active ingredients 225 Cardiovascular activities were also claimed for a large... 

Fujita et al,49 reported the testing of more than 140 4-oxo-4f/-pyrido-[l,2-a]pyrimidines for cardiovascular activity. 

Catecholamine A group of chemically similar compounds that are important in the modulation of cardiovascular activity and many other physiologic functions. Common catecholamines include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. 

MR are present in, e.g. the central nervous system (CNS, for respiratory and cardiovascular activity, cognition and stress processing), peripheral nervous system (PNS, for smooth muscle contraction, control of heart rate, vasodilatation), as well as the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells [1], Five metabotropic cholinergic MR subtypes (M1-M5) were identified [1], but selectivity of TA is merely apparent [9] except for tiotropium and ipratropium [31]. 

Chu, X., Xu, N., Li, P., Mao, L., and Wang, J.Q. 1999. Inhibition of cardiovascular activity following microinjection of novel opioid-like neuropeptide nociceptin (orphanin FQ) into the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla. Brain Res. 829, 134-142. 

Cardiovascular activity of 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxane (Ge-132) has been studied in rats anaesthetized with urethane (i.p.). It produced a dose-related reduction in either the mean arterial pressure or the heart rate. The data indicate that Ge-132 induces both hypotension and bradycardia by promoting an activation of the parasympathetic efferent mechanisms and an inhibition of the sympathetic efferent mechanisms. On the other hand, following i.p. injection of Ge-132, increased grooming and head swaying were provoked. Thus, it appears that Ge-132 acts through the catecholaminergic mechanisms in the brain to induce locomotor stimulation in rats . ... 

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