Caffeic acid artichoke

Rechner, A.R., Pannala, A.S., and Rice-Evans, C.A., Caffeic acid derivatives in artichoke extract are metabolised to phenolic acids in vivo. Free Radical Res., 35, 195, 2001. 

Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Cumaric acid Ferulic acid Sinapic acid artichoke, aubergine... 

Subsequent tests with velvetleaf, Kodkia, Jerusalem artichoke, and cocklebur showed that their allelopathic action altered water balance (55,94,95). Growth reductions in sorghum and soybean seedlings in nutrient solution amended with extracts from these weeds correlated with high diffusive resistances and low leaf water potentials. Stomatal closure occurred in plants treated with the more concentrated extracts. Depressions in water potential were due to a reduction in both turgor pressure and osmotic potential. A lower relative water content was also found in velvetleaf-treated plants. These impacts on water balance were not from osmotic factors. Allelochemicals from these weeds have not been thoroughly ascertained, but the present evidence shows that some contain phenolic inhibitors. Lodhi (96) reported that Kodkia contains ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, myricetin, and quercetin. As noted earlier, an effect on plant-water relationships is one mechanism associated with the action of ferulic acid. 

Cynarine is the main active agent of artichoke extract. It is a cinnamic acid derivative the substitution pattern of its aromatic rings is similar to that of dopamine. Caffeic acid is also regarded as a major active substance. It has not yet been clarified to which constituents the known modes of action are attributable .) increase in choleresis, (2.) inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, (3.) hepatoprotection due to antioxidative effects, and (4.) activation of the urea cycle. 

Lane 1 camphorol 3-rhamnosidoglucoside (23-27), luteohn 7-glucoside (43 6), caffeic acid (88-93), lane 2 artichoke leaves, lane 3 red coneflower (E. purpurea), lane 4 rutoside, hyperoside, lane 5 birch leaves (Betulae folium), lane 6 primrose flower Primula flos), lane 7 elderflower Sambuci flos), lane 8 maidenhair tree leaves Ginkgo biloba)... 

Cynaiae herba Artichoke Cynara scolymus L. Asteraceae M.D (leaves) Sesquiterpene lactones (0.5%- 6%) Cynaropicrin (40%-80% Bl 40 X 10") and/or grosheimin Caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic, and L,3 dicaffeoyl quinic acid (cyiiarin). Flavonoids (0.1%-i%) scolymoside, cynaroside, luteolinglycosides Fig. 13... 

Artichoke heads Cynara scolymus) are a good source of antioxidant phenolic compounds since they contain large amounts of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids. The flavonoids include apigenin and luteolin glycosides. In bracts and receptacles, apigenin 5-glucoside and 7-... 

Caffeic acid derivatives are the main phenolics found in artichoke, and a wide range of caffeoyl quinic derivatives are biosynthesised (Table 2). 

Table 2. Caffeic Acid Derivatives Content in Artichoke. Vaiues are mg/100 g Dry Weight [39]...

The cold storage of fruit and vegetables can alter phenolic metabolite composition. When the changes in caffeic acid derivatives in artichoke... 

Hydroxycinnamic acids are common in the majority of plant species and certain fruits and vegetables (e.g. plums and artichoke) and cereal brans (e.g. whole grains) are a good source (Clifford, 1999). They occur less often as the free acids (e.g. /9-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic) but usually occur as... 

Cynarin (1.5 dicaffeoyl-D-quinic acid), the major active principle of globe artichoke, Cynara scolymus (Asteraceae), is formed from the bonding of two phenolic acids, caffeic and quinic acids. Cynarin is a proven hepatoprotective and hypocholesterolaemia agent. 

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