1,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid

An HPLC study of the individual phenolic acid derivatives showed chlorogenic acid to be the predominant compound in potato (22-71 mg/kg). Cryptochlorogenic acid (11 mg/kg), neochlorogenic acid (7 mg/kg) and isochlorogenic acid (4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid) (Fig. 4) (3 mg/kg) were also present in smaller amounts [80]. It was also demonstrated that caffeic acid compounds are not distributed uniformly in the tuber, but occur in strongly decreasing concentrations from the outer to the inner section. About 50% of the compounds as a whole are located in the potato peel and adjoining tissue. 

Fig. 30C Phenol carboxylic acids, flavonoids and saponines. (System A) Treatment with NP/PEG reagent reveals caffeoyl (CQA) and dicaffeojd quinic acids as blue and the flavonoid glyco.sides as orange-yellow or green fluorescent zones in UV-365nm. Coffeae. semen (1) and Mate folium (2) the blue 5-CQA, 3-CQA (R,- 0.45-0.5) and additional dicaffeoyl quinic acids in the upper R, range are characteristic. One additional orange-yellow zone of rutin at R, — 0.4 (Tl) is found in Mate folium (2) only.

Cynaiae herba Artichoke Cynara scolymus L. Asteraceae M.D (leaves) Sesquiterpene lactones (0.5%- 6%) Cynaropicrin (40%-80% Bl 40 X 10") and/or grosheimin Caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic, and L,3 dicaffeoyl quinic acid (cyiiarin). Flavonoids (0.1%-i%) scolymoside, cynaroside, luteolinglycosides Fig. 13... 

Minimal processing of carrots induces phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and phenolics accumulation. In shredded carrots, chlorogenic acid, which is rapidly accumulated, represents 60% of the total phenolics. In addition traces of 3 -caffeoylquinic and 4 -caffeoylquinic acids are biosynthesised, and 3, 4 -dicaffeoylquinic and 3, 5 -dicaffeoyl quinic acids also accumulate [44]. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are also biosynthesised but more slowly, and are related to defence against microbial attack (phytoalexin response), the degree and speed of which depends on the cultivar [45],... 

Stoll et al. [39] isolated echinacoside from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia. It is the major polar constituent and is present at a concentration of 0.3-1.7% [15, 31, 39-41]. It occurs in . pallida at a similar concentration and is therefore not suitable for the discrimination of these two species [42]. However, they can be distinguished by the occurrence of 1,3- and 1,5-O-dicaffeoyl-quinic acids (Fig. 3), which are only present in the roots of . angustifolia [31]. 

Echinacoside has been found (0.3-1.7%) as a major polar compound in . pallida roots [42]. In low quantity, 6-0-caffeoyl-echinacoside has also been detected [73]. 1,3- and 1,5-O-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid are missing, which is an identity criterion of . pallida roots. Echinacoside is present in . angustifolia as well [31]. 

The leaves contain cynarin (1,3-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid), apigenin, cynaroside, chloro-genic acid, rutin, hesperitin, hesperidoside, maritimein, esculetin-6-0-(3-glucoside, quercetin, caffeic acid, cosmoside, luteolin, ... 

Hydroxytyrosol (= 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol) (phenolic) Hyperoside (flavonol glycoside) Isoacteoside (phenylethanoid) Isochlorogenic acid b (=Caffee-tannin Quinic acid dicaffeoyl ester)... 

Cynarin (1.5 dicaffeoyl-D-quinic acid), the major active principle of globe artichoke, Cynara scolymus (Asteraceae), is formed from the bonding of two phenolic acids, caffeic and quinic acids. Cynarin is a proven hepatoprotective and hypocholesterolaemia agent. 

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