Cadmium sulfide electrode

The ion that determines the p>otential of the compact layer is called the potential-determining ion. In cases in which the potentied of compact layer is determined by the dissociation reaction of adsorbed hydroxyl groups, the potential -determining ions are hydrated protons or hydroxide ions. For cadmium sulfide electrodes, the potential-determining ions are not hydrated protons but hydrated sulfide ions the iso-electric point is at the sulfide ion concentration of 4 x 10 M [Ginley-Butler, 1978]. 

Minoura H, Tsuiki M (1978) Anodic reaction of several reducing agents on illuminated cadmium sulfide electrode. Electrochim Acta 23 1377-1382... 

Effects of Temperature on Excited-State Descriptions of Luminescent Photoelectrochemical Cells Employing Tellurium-Doped Cadmium Sulfide Electrodes... 

Baranski AS, Fawcett WR (1984) The mechanism of electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on inert electrodes from diethylene glycol solutions. J Electrochem Soc 131 2509-2514... 

Fujishima A, Sugiyama E, Honda K (1971) Photosensitized electrolytic oxidation of iodide ions on cadmium sulfide single crystal electrode. Bull Chem Soc Japan 44 304 Inoue T, Watanabe T, Fujishima A, Honda K, Kohayakawa K (1977) Suppression of surface dissolution of CdS photoanode by reducing agents. J Electrochem Soc 124 719-722 Elhs AB, Kaiser SW, Wrighton MS (1976) Visible light to electrical energy conversion. Stable cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide photoelectrodes in aqueous electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 98 1635-1637... 

Fujishima A, Sugiyama E, Honda K (1971) Photosensitized electrolytic oxidation of iodide ion on cadmium sulfide single crystal electrode. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 44 304... 

Cadmium sulfide particulate films, generated in thicknesses of 300 50 A at arachidic acid (AA) monolayer interfaces, have been characterized in situ by STM under potentiostatic control [644], Electrical contact was made between the tip of the STM, acting as the working electrode (WE), which was in contact with the CdS particulate film floating on aqueous 0.30 M NaCl, and the reference (RE) and counter (CE) electrodes, placed in the subphase (Fig. 112) [644]. A well-defined single-reduction wave at about — 1.15 V was observed. Prolonged exposure to room light shifted the reduction peak to — 0.85 V. Electrical and photoelectrical characterizations have also been performed on Ti-foil-supported, 5000-A-thick CdS particulate films in an electrochemical cell (Fig. 113) [644]. The Ti foil was used as the WE, while the RE and CE were placed into 0.50 M... 

Photosensitized Electrolytic Oxidation of Iodide Ions on Cadmium Sulfide Single Crystal Electrode. The stability of CdS probe under irradiation in an electrolyte containing iodide species. Rotating ring disk voltammetry was used as the methodology. 487... 

Yeh L.-S. R. and Hackerman N. (1978), Electrochemistry of n-type cadmium sulfide, gallium phosphide, and gallium arsenide and p-type germanium semiconductor electrodes in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions , J. Phys. Chem. 82, 2719-26. 

Apart from metals, good-quality polypyrrole films have also been prepared using a variety of semiconducting materials, such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass [39,40], gallium phosphide [41], silicon [42-44], cadmium sulfide, or cadmium selenide [45] as the electrode. 

The photovoltage obtained from a semiconductor electrode at the same illumination intensity should approximately be proportional to the Schottky barrier height in the dark. Fig IV.6 shows that in the case of cadmium sulfide this can be fulfilled, although the semiconductor corroded in this example in contact with the most oxidizing redox systems. 

Cadmium is used industriadly as a protective coating for iron, steel, and copper by electroplating. Cadmium sulfide and sulfoselenide are used as pigments in plastics, enamels, and paint. It may also serve as an alloy with copper for coating telephone cables, trolley wires, and welding electrodes. The stearate is used as a stabilizer in plastics, and cadmium electrodes are found in alka-... 

McCann, J.F. and M.S. Kazacos, The electrochemical deposition and formation of cadmium sulfide thin film electrodes in aqueous electrolytes. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1981. 119 p. 409-12. 

Numnuam et al. (2008) reported the first potentiometric aptasensor nsing ion-selective microelectrodes for THR detection. In the sandwich design, the THR was captured by a thiolated aptamer attached to the surface of the gold electrode and the measurements were based on cadmium sulfide quantum dot (CdS-QDs) label of the secondary aptamer. The potentiometric aptasensor presented good sensitivity allowing the detection of up to 28fmol of THR in PBS buffer solutions (detection limit of 0.14 nM). 

Peter studied in detail the growth of anodic CdS films on the Cd electrode in similar solutions [31], as well as the processes that occur at the Cd/solution and CdS/solution interfaces [32], According to the linear sweep voltammetry, three characteristic regions could be distinguished revealing the essential features of the anodic passivation of cadmium in alkaline sulfide solutions (a) the monolayer... 

To overcome some of the problems associated with aqueous media, non-aqueous systems with cadmium salt and elemental sulfur dissolved in solvents such as DMSO, DMF, and ethylene glycol have been used, following the method of Baranski and Fawcett [48-50], The study of CdS electrodeposition on Hg and Pt electrodes in DMSO solutions using cyclic voltammetry (at stationary electrodes) and pulse polarography (at dropping Hg electrodes) provided evidence that during deposition sulfur is chemisorbed at these electrodes and that formation of at least a monolayer of metal sulfide is probable. Formation of the initial layer of CdS involved reaction of Cd(II) ions with the chemisorbed sulfur or with a pre-existing layer of metal sulfide. 

The properties of anodic layers of HgS formed on mercury in sulfide solutions have been investigated in comparison with anodic sulfide layers of cadmium and bismuth. Also, the electrochemistry of mercury electrodes in aqueous selenite solutions has been studied (see Sect. 3.2.1). The problem with the presence of several cathodic stripping peaks for HgSe in acidic Se(IV) solutions has been addressed using various voltammetric techniques at a hanging-mercury-drop electrode [119]. 

MiUer B, Menezes S, Heller A (1978) Anodic formation of semiconductive sulfide films at cadmium and bismuth Rotating ring-disk electrode studies. 1 Electroanal Chem 94 85-97... 

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