Butylparaben

BP Butyl hydroxybenzoate JP Butyl parahydroxybenzoate PhEur Butylis parahydroxybenzoas USPNF Butylparaben 

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid butyl ester Lexgard B Nipabutyl Tegosept B Trisept B Uniphen P-23-, Unisept B. 

Butylparaben is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations see Table I. 

It may be used either alone or in combination with other paraben esters or with other antimicrobial agents. In cosmetics, it is the fourth most frequently used preservative.  

As a group, the parabens are effective over a wide pH range and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, although they are most effective against yeasts and molds see Section 10. 

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Butyl oleate, 10 492 y-Butyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine anhydride, chiral derivatizing reagent, 6 76t Butylparaben, antimicrobial used in cosmetics, 7 831t terl-Butyl peroxyacetate, 13 484 terl-Butyl peroxybenzoate, 13 486 2-sec-Butylphenol (OSBP), 2 221-222 health and safety data, 2 220t physical properties of, 2 205t o-sec-Butylphenol. See 2-sec-Butylphenol (OSBP)... 

Propranolol Butylparabene phthalate Naphthalene Acenaphthene Amitriptyline... 

RSDs of the retention relative to acenaphthene Propranolol Butylparabene Dipropylphthalate Naphthalene Amitriptyline... 

In the stationary phase test discussed here, we use naphthalene and acenaphthene as our hydrophobic reference compounds, propranolol and amitriptyline as the compounds with basic functional groups, and dipropylphthalate and butylparaben for the determination of other polar selectivities of a packing. The mobile phase is a pH 7.00 phosphate buffer (35.0%) mixed with methanol (65.0%). The details of the test procedure are discussed in References 34, 38 and 39. 

The hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor properties of a packing are another dimension of column selectivity. They are independent of the silanol ion-exchange activity described above, and affect the selectivity of a packing in a separate way. We have measured these properties by the relative retention between butylparaben, a hydrogen-bond donor, and dipropylphthalate. The same property, or at least a very similar property, has been called hydrogen bond basicity by Snyder.In our case, it has been defined as follows ... 

FIGURE 2.6 Selectivity of fluor phases. Columns ProntoSIL 120-3-C18 ace-EPS ProntoSIL 120-5-F-ace (150x4.0mm). Mobile phase MeOH/phosphate buffer 20mM pH = 7 65/35 v/v. Analytes 1, uracil 2, propranolol 3, butylparaben 4, dipropylphthalate 5, naphthalene 6, acenaphthene 7, amitriptyline. 

Butylparaben, Butyl 4-hydroxy benzoate Merck, Germany Preservative... 

In 1986, Komatsu et al. [56] applied butylparaben occlusively to the dorsal skin of guinea pigs in a liposome formulation prepared from eggPC, CHOL, and di-cetylphosphate. The fate of the liposomes and the active agent was determined... 

From the finding that the 14C-butylparaben flux decreased at increasing lipid content, it was concluded that only 14C-butylparaben dissolved in the water phase contributed to the percutaneous penetration. However, another mechanism may also play a role. An increase in lipid content reduces the thermodynamic activity of butylparaben in the bilayers, which might lead to a decrease in the driving force from the lipid phase to either the water phase or the SC. This may also contribute to a reduced penetration through the skin. 

H. Kumatsu, K. Higazi, H. Okamoto, K. Miyakwa, M. Hashida, and H. Sezaki, Preservative activity and in vivo percutaneous penetration of butylparaben entrapped in liposomes, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 34 3415-3422 (1986). 

Fig. 10.5. Separation of parabens with the poly(TBAAm-co-AMPS)-coated column. Conditions column, 750 mm x 25 pm i.d. (600 mm effective length) mobile phase, 20% acetonitrile (v/v) in 50 mMTris-HCl buffer field strength, 400 V/cm injection, 12 kV for 3 s at the side of the anode detection wavelength, 254 nm. Peak identification 1, methylparaben 2, ethylparaben 3, propylparaben 4, butylparaben 5, amylparaben. Reproduced with permission from Sawada and Jinno [11].

Butylparaben Injections, oral, rectal, topical Nonionic surfactants, some plastics... 

Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben Mibolerone oral solution... 

Butylparaben occurs as colorless crystals or a white, crystalline, odorless or almost odorless, tasteless powder. 

Table III Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for butylparaben...

Butylparaben is thus more active than methylparaben. Activity may be improved by using combinations of parabens since synergistic effects occur. Activity has also been reported to be improved by the addition of other excipients see Methylparaben for further information. 

Table IV Partition coefficients for butylparaben between oils and water.

Aqueous butylparaben solutions at pH 3-6 can be sterilized by autoclaving, without decomposition. At pH 3-6, aqueous solutions are stable (less than 10% decomposition) for up to about 4 years at room temperature, while solutions at pH 8 or above are subject to rapid hydrolysis (10% or more after about 60 days at room temperature). ... 

Butylparaben should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place. 

The antimicrobial activity of butylparaben is considerably reduced in the presence of nonionic surfactants as a result of micellization. Absorption of butylparaben by plastics has not been reported but appears probable given the behavior of other parabens. Some pigments, e.g., ultramarine blue and yellow iron oxide, absorb butylparaben and thus reduce its preservative properties. ... 

Butylparaben is discolored in the presence of iron and is subject to hydrolysis by weak alkalis and strong acids. 

Butylparaben is prepared by esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with -butanol. 

See Methylparaben for further information and references. The EINECS number for butylparaben is 202-318-7. 

Butylparaben and other parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. 

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Butylparaben may be irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and should be handled in a well-ventilated environment. Eye protection, gloves, and a dust mask or respirator are recommended. 

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