Butyl methacrylate homopolymers

Ethyl methacrylate and n-butyl methacrylate homopolymers and copolymers were separated at a column temperature of 60 °C by gradient... 

The etch resistance of common acrylic polymers is poor but can be improved without reducing 193-nm optical transparency by the attachment of alicyclic pendant groups to the backbone. For example, a 1 1 copolymer of tert-butyl methacrylate and adamantyl methacrylate (108) exhibits a nearly twofold reduction in plasma etch rate compared to the ert-butyl methacrylate homopolymer. Figure 15b provides examples of alicyclic ester groups that have been assessed (109-111). 

Numerous recipes have been pubUshed, primarily ia the patent Hterature, that describe the preparation of acrylate and methacrylate homopolymer and copolymer dispersions (107,108). A typical process for the preparation of a 50% methyl methacrylate, 49% butyl acrylate, and 1% methacrylic acid terpolymer as an approximately 45% dispersion ia water begias with the foUowiag charges ... 

Some tailor-made homopolymers can serve as starting points for chemical modifications to yield new species. Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(glyceryl methacrylate) 16), already mentioned, are obtained upon hydrolysis of the OH-protecting groups that allow the anionic polymerization to proceed. Another example is the acid hydrolysis of poly(t-butyl methacrylate), a reaction which proceeds easily to completion, yielding poly(methacrylic acid) of known degree of polymerization and narrow molecular weight distribution 44 45). 

Rubber-toughened polystyrene composites were obtained similarly by polymerising the dispersed phase of a styrene/SBS solution o/w HIPE [171], or a styrene/MMA/(SBS or butyl methacrylate) o/w HIPE [172], The latter materials were found to be tougher, however, all polymer composites had mechanical properties comparable to bulk materials. Other rubber composite materials have been prepared from PVC and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) [173], via three routes a) blending partially polymerised o/w HIPEs of vi-nylidene chloride (VDC) and BMA, followed by complete polymerisation b) employing a solution of PBMA in VDC as the dispersed phase, with subsequent polymerisation and c) blending partially polymerised VDC HIPE with BMA monomer, then polymerisation. All materials obtained possessed mixtures of both homopolymers plus some copolymer, and had better mechanical properties than the linear copolymers. The third method was found to produce the best material. 

Although an accessible temperature range is restricted by complication of subphase water evaporation, there have been some reports on temperature-dependent investigations with homopolymers. Yoo and Yu [105] studied PVAc and poly( -butyl methacrylate)(P BMA) as the prototype of good solvent and poor solvent cases. Both were over a range of 15 °C, 10-25 °C and 15-30 °C respectively, and PnBMA required the inclusion of // assum-... 

The authors reported the investigation of random copolymers of styrene and -butyl methacrylate, containing the parent homopolymers PS and PnBMA. While in SEC 1 fractions of different molecular size were obtained, a separation with respect to chemical composition into fractions of PnBMA, P(St/nBMA) and PS could be achieved in SEC 2, the elution order being PnBMAsynergistic effect of different separation mechanisms including size exclusion, adsorption and partition. 

We investigated the chemoenzymatic synthesis of block copolymers combining eROP and ATRP using a bifunctional initiator. A detailed analysis of the reaction conditions revealed that a high block copolymer yield can be realized under optimized reaction conditions. Side reactions, such as the formation of PCL homopolymer, in the enzymatic polymerization of CL could be minimized to < 5 % by an optimized enzyme (hying procedure. Moreover, the structure of the bifunctional initiator was foimd to play a major role in the initiation behavior and hence, the yield of PCL macroinitiator. Block copolymers were obtained in a consecutive ATRP. Detailed analysis of the obtained polymer confirmed the presence of predominantly block copolymer structures. Optimization of the one-pot procedure proved more difficult. While the eROP was compatible with the ATRP catalyst, incompatibility with MMA as an ATRP monomer led to side-reactions. A successfiil one-pot synthesis could only be achieved by sequential addition of the ATRP components or partly with inert monomers such as /-butyl methacrylate. One-pot block copolymer synthesis was successful, however, in supercritical carbon dioxide. Side reactions such as those observed in organic solvents were not apparent. 

An approach similar to the previous divergent grafting-from method also served to synthesize dendrigraft poly(L-lysine) by ring-opening polymerization [111], styrene homopolymers and styrene-methacrylate copolymers by a combination of stable free-radical polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [112], and copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with styrene or ferf-butyl methacrylate by ATRP [113]. 

Some recent NMR studies on the copolymerization of allyl acetate with methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene reported their reactivity ratios (cf Table IXb) [65]. The reported error terms, if we assume them to be standard deviations, are quite large with respect to the ri term. Therefore it is problematic whether these numbers are really meaningful. It would seem to us that the large f-2 terms imply that substantially only homopolymers of these three vinyl monomers form. This situation is modified in the case of allyl methacrylate or allyl acrylate copolymers, as will be mentioned below. With these acrylic derivatives, copolymerization depends on the acrylic bonds primarily with modifications due to the allylic hydrogen. Subsequently, the allylic units in a copolymer of allyl methacrylate with butyl methacrylate, for example, will be the sites for crosslinking. 

This paper considers the compatibility of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with homo- and copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MM) and butyl methacrylate (BM), as well as the compatibility with blends of homopolymers having compositions corresponding to the total compositions of the copolymers. 

Many investigators have studied polymer surfaces for years [74,75] and have been successful in determining combinations of two or more valence states [76,77] by the mathematical process of deconvoluting the peak assignments [78]. It was only recently that latexes were examined by ESCA. Davies et al. [79] prepared a series of homopolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), and also poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] (PMMA-PBMA), by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. It was found that the surface of the latex film was rich in PMMA, which may possibly be explained by the reactivity ratios for the MMA/BMA system (ri = 0.52 and rj = 2.11) [80], Recently, Arora et al. carried out angle-dependent ESCA studies on a series of films prepared from core-shell ionomeric latexes (with a polystyrene core and a styrene/n-butyl acrylate/ methacrylic acid copolymer shell) to determine the distribution of carboxyl groups in the films [81,82]. 

Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate. See Polyquaternium-11 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, 2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl) amino] ethyl ester. Seet-Butylaminoethyl methacrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester. See t-Butyl methacrylate Propenoic acid methyl ester 2-Propenoic acid methyl ester. See Methyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, methyl ester, homopolymer. See Polymethyl acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2-ethanediylbis (oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) ester. See PEG-3 dimethacrylate... 

More recently, another study was carried out on the thermal decomposition of homopolymers of ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as weU as then-copolymers [471]. The copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate were found to degrade by unzipping to yield the monomers similarly to poly(methyl methacrylate). In addition, there is competition between imzipping and cross-linking in binary copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ethyl methacrylate and in n-butyl methacrylate. 

The monomer mass spectra were similar to those produced by pyrolysis GC/MS (Fig. 21). The MS detector was calibrated for the amount of butyl acrylate present and was used to determine the amount of this monomer present in unknown polymers. Linear relationships were observed between ion intensity/concentration and ions characteristic of both methyl methacrylate (m/z = 100) and butyl acrylate (w/z = 127). The peak compositions in Fig. 21 range from methyl methacryate homopolymer, A, to butyl acrylate homopolymer, F, in 20% butyl acrylate increments. 

Figure 21 HPLC/MS spectrum index plot of pMMA/BA copolymers. Mass spectra extracted from the total ion chromatogram show the progression from polymethyl methacrylate homopolymer (A) to polybutyl methacrylate homopolymer (F) in 20% butyl acrylate increments. 

We have synthesized a novel methacrylate monomer (MOBH) which has an epoxy moiety and a tertiary ester linkage in a molecule. Homopolymer of MOBH and copolymers of MOBH with tert-butyl methacrylate, tert-butoxystyrene, cyclohexyl styrenesulfonate, neopentyl styrenesulfonste or phenyl styrenesulfonate were obtained by the conventional radical photopolymerization. Polymer films containing photoacid generators (PAG) became insoluble in tetrahydrofuran on UV irradiation because of the photoinduced-acid catalyzed crosslinking reaction of epoxy units. 

For applications aiming at the control of marine biofouUng, a significantly reduced phase transition temperature compared to the PNiPAAm homopolymer is required. For that purpose, Cordeiro et al. (2009) sythesised copolymers of NiPAAm with N-(1-phenyl ethyl)acrylamide 10-15 mol% of this hydrophobic unit leads to a shift of more than 10 K. Another example for lowering the phase transition tanperature is found in the work of Tsuda et al. (2004). NiPAAm-based copolymers with different amounts of the hydrophobic unit n-butyl methacrylate were studied to fabricate tunable thermo-responsive cell culture carriers. As shown in Figure 6.1, a pronounced shift of the phase... 

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