Burning butane

Colorfastness to burnt gas fumes, ISO 105-G02 is similar to GOl except that the specimen and standards are exposed to the fumes from a burning butane gas flame. Colorfastness to o2one ia the atmosphere, ISO 10S-G03, is done as GOl but uses o2one. 

Methane is easily bottled for transportation because it is a gas. It bums with a clean flame, unlike coal or oil. It is a good fuel. The value of AH for methane is —886 kJ mol-1, but AH for n-butanc is —2878 kJmol-1. Burning butane is clearly far more exothermic, explaining why it bums with a hotter flame. In other words, butane is a better fuel. 

Butane also releases energy when it burns. Butane is the fuel that is used in disposable lighters. 

During physical and chemical changes, the total amount of matter remains constant even though it may not initially appear that it has. When we burn butane in a lighter, for example, the butane slowly disappears. Where does it go It combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water that travel into the surrounding air. The mass of the carbon dioxide and water that form, however, exactly equals the mass of the butane and oxygen that combined. 

Regardless of the techniques used to purify the KA oil, several waste streams are generated during the overall oxidation—separation processes and must be disposed of. The spent oxidation gas stream must be scmbbed to remove residual cyclohexane, but afterwards will stiU contain CO, CO2, and volatile hydrocarbons (especially propane, butane, and pentane). This gas stream is either burned and the energy recovered, or it is catalyticaHy abated. 

As indicated in Table 4, large-scale recovery of natural gas Hquid (NGL) occurs in relatively few countries. This recovery is almost always associated with the production of ethylene (qv) by thermal cracking. Some propane also is used for cracking, but most of it is used as LPG, which usually contains butanes as well. Propane and ethane also are produced in significant amounts as by-products, along with methane, in various refinery processes, eg, catalytic cracking, cmde distillation, etc (see Petroleum). They either are burned as refinery fuel or are processed to produce LPG and/or cracking feedstock for ethylene production. 

Electric arc welding, flame-cutting using oxy-acetylene, propane or butane flames, or such flames burning in air. 

Liquid propane and butane will vaporize rapidly if released into the open air, and if they come into contact with bare skin will cause painful freeze burns. Therefore gloves and goggles should always be worn if there is a danger of liquid LPG being released or spilt. 

Butane, C4H10, is widely used as a fuel for disposable lighters. When one mole of butane is burned in oxygen, carbon dioxide and steam are formed and 2658.3 kj of heat is evolved. 

How much butane should a backpacker carry Calculate the mass of butane that you would need to burn to obtain 350. kj of heat, which is just enough energy to heat 1 L... 

What mass of propane must be burned to supply 350. kj as heat Would it be easier to pack propane rather than butane ... 

Using data available in Appendix 2A, write balanced equations and calculate the hear released when (a) 1.00 mol and (b) 1.00 g of each of the following compounds is burned in excess oxygen propane, butane, and pentane. Is there a trend in the amount of heat released per mole of molecules or per gram of compound If so, what is it ... 

Values of yields for various fuels are listed in Table 2.3. We see that even burning a pure gaseous fuel as butane in air, the combustion is not complete with some carbon monoxide, soot and other hydrocarbons found in the products of combustion. Due to the incompleteness of combustion the actual heat of combustion (42.6 kJ/g) is less than the ideal value (45.4 kJ/g) for complete combustion to carbon dioxide and water. Note that although the heats of combustion can range from about 10 to 50 kJ/g, the values expressed in terms of oxygen consumed in the reaction (Aho2) are fairly constant at 13.0 0.3 kJ/g O2. For charring materials such as wood, the difference between the actual and ideal heats of combustion are due to distinctions in the combustion of the volatiles and subsequent oxidation of the char, as well as due to incomplete combustion. For example,... 

The products for the partial combustion of butane in oxygen were found to contain C02 and CO in the ratio of 4 1. What is the actual heat released per mole of butane burned if the only other product is H20 The reactants are at 25 °C and the products achieve 1000 °C. Use average estimates for specific heats. For butane use 320 J/K mole. 

Fixed beds are the main interest of this Section. Usually it is adequate to assume that the fluid and solid are at the same temperature at a point. There are cyclic processes, however, where the solid is first heated with flue gases or by burning off carbon before contacting the reacting fluid for a time. A moving bed of heated pebbles (Phillips pebble heater) has been used for the production of olefins from butane and for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. A fluidized sand cracker for the production of olefins functions similaiiy, with burning in a separate zone. 

Both butanes occur in natural gas, petroleum, and refinery gases. They show little chemical reactivity at ordinary temperatures but bum readily when ignited in air or oxygen. In atmospheric burning smoke production normally occurs. 

Why does butane burn with a hotter flame than methane ... 

When 100 grams of butane gas (C4Hi0, MW = 58.14) is burned in excess oxygen gas, the theoretical yield of H20 is ... 

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is composed of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) and is stored under pressure in order to keep these hydrocarbons liquefied at normal atmospheric temperatures. Before liquefied petroleum gas is burned, it passes through a pressure relief valve that causes a reduction in pressure and the liquid vaporizes (gasifies). Winter-grade liquefied petroleum gas is mostly... 

In addition to natural gas, steam reformers can be used on light hydrocarbons such as butane and propane and on naphtha with a special catalyst. Steam reforming reactions are highly endothermic and need a significant heat source. Often the residual fuel exiting the fuel cell is burned to supply this requirement. Fuels are typically reformed at temperatures of 760 to 980°C (1,400 to 1,800°F). 

Ethylene is a colorless gas with a slightly sweet odor. It turns from liquid to gas at -155°F. It burns readily in the presence of oxygen with a luminous flame. In fact, it was the ethylene component that made coal gas so useful as a gas light fuel at the turn of the 19th century. The other components in the coal gas don t give off near the light when burned by themselves. Natural gas lamps or propane/butane lanterns must be fitted with mantels to reduce the... 

The first serious notice of C4 hydrocarbons came with the development of refinery cracking processes. When catalytic cracking became popular, refiners were faced with disposing of a couple of thousand barrels per day of a stream containing butane, butylenes, and small amounts of butadiene. Their first thought was to burn it all as refinery fuel, but then they developed the alkylation process. With that, they could undo some of the molecule shatter that took place in the crackers and reassemble some of the smaller pieces as alkylate, a high-octane gasolinerblending component. 

Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission rate of butane was 25.9 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of butane were not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus. 

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