Burn wound infections

Rumbaugh KP, Griswold JA, Iglewski BH, Hamood AN. Contribution of quorum sensing to the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn wound infections. Infect. Immun. 1999 67 5854-5862. 

Treatment of skin lesions also follows decontamination and removal of clothes. Decontamination should be completed within 15 min after exposure to minimize any systemic effects. Contaminated hair should be shaved off. The decontaminating solutions should be washed off within 3-4 min to prevent additional skin injury. Sodium hypochlorite (5%) or liquid household bleach can be used. If erythema is already present, soap and water are preferred. Blisters should be left intact, but if broken, should be debrided to prevent secondary infection. Cleansing with tap water or saline and the application of dressings is done when needed. Silver sulfadiazine or mafenide acetate can be applied and the wounds treated as burn wounds. Infected skin wounds require antibiotics as appropriate. 

Fox cl and Modak SA (1974) Mechanism of silver sulfadiazene action on burn wound infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 5 582-588. 

Fox, C.L., Jr (1975) Silver sulfadiazine for control of burn wound infections. International Surgery, 60(5), 275-7. 

It is reported that in Venezuela (26, 36) this disease occurs in epidemic proportions in certain areas and causes serious trunk injury to 3 to 5% of the trees. It also occurs probably in other areas of tropical America. In Ecuador this disease is called machete disease, because the fungus, a wound parasite, infects through cuts and produces severe cankering in the trunk. No chemical control has been attempted, and burning the infected trees is the only control used at present in Venezuela. 

Acute pelvic, bone, intra-abdominal, joint, respiratory tract, burn wound, postoperative, and skin or skin-structure infections-, complicated UTIs septicemia meningitis IV, IM... 

Topical administration in the form of drop and ointment have been used for the treatment of infected burns, wounds and the prevention of intravenous catheter infections and in the treatment of ocular infections. 

Sodium sulfacetamide ophthalmic solution or ointment is effective in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and as adjunctive therapy for trachoma. Another sulfonamide, mafenide acetate, is used topically but can be absorbed from burn sites. The drug and its primary metabolite inhibit carbonic anhydrase and can cause metabolic acidosis, a side effect that limits its usefulness. Silver sulfadiazine is a much less toxic topical sulfonamide and is preferred to mafenide for prevention of infection of burn wounds. 

Should not be applied over third-degree burns, deep or puncture wounds, infections, or lacerations... 

Dagmaard PH, Granum PE, Bresdani J, Torregrossa MV, EUenberg J, Valentino L (1997) Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from infections in burn wounds. EEMS Immunol Mol Microbiol 18 47-53... 

Burn wounds— anti-infective Mafenide acetate Sulfamylon... 

A number of carbene complexes have also been demonstrated to exhibit good antibacterial activity.Notably, silver nitrate has been widely used to prevent the infection of burn wounds. The key feature of dmg activity is the... 

Debridement of necrotic tissue and iiquefication of slough in acute and chronic iesi on s such as decubitus uicers, varicose and diabetic uicers, burns, wounds, piionidai cyst wounds, and miscelianeous trauma of infected wounds... 

Echinacea is without equal in the treatment of three conditions abnormal Papanicolaou (pap) smear, strep throat, and the very early onset of flus and colds. It is exceptionally useful in two other conditions as an additive to antibiotic powders and ointments for external application to burns, wounds, and skin infections and as a wash for poisonous stings and bites. 

The skin provides a number of protective functions. The stratum corneum acts as a barrier that prevents invasive infection, and sebum secreted by sebaceous glands has an antibacterial action. The burn wound is vulnerable to bacterial colonization and invasive bacterial contamination and sepsis. As the burn depth increases the potential reservoir for bacterial invasion increases before viable tissue and host defenses are reached. Burns dressing should have either an antibacterial barrier function or a bactericidal/bacteriastatic function or ideally both. 

This is why it is so important to keep burns clean. Infection in a burn wound can cause septicemia (blood poisoning). 

Not all massage treatments are free of risk. Too much force can cause fractures of osteoporotic bones, and even rupture of the liver and damage to nerves have been associated with massage (Ernst, 2003b). These events are rarities, however, and massage is relatively safe, provided that well-trained therapists observe the contraindications phlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, burns, skin infections, eczema, open wounds, bone fractures, and advanced osteoporosis (Ernst et al., 2001). 

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