Bubble test

Blase-ofen, m. blowing furnace blast furnace, -probe, /. bubble test. 

Bubble Point Large areas of microfiltration membrane can be tested and verified by a bubble test. Pores of the membrane are filled with liquid, then a gas is forced against the face of the membrane. The Young-Laplace equation, AF = (4y cos Q)/d, relates the pressure required to force a bubble through a pore to its radius, and the interfacial surface tension between the penetrating gas and the liquid in the membrane pore, y is the surface tension (N/m), d is the pore diameter (m), and P is transmembrane pressure (Pa). 0 is the liquid-solid contact angle. For a fluid wetting the membrane perfectly, cos 0 = 1. 

The bubble test of shaking a water solution, although simple, is very sensitive and may be used to determine the presence of very minute (around parts per million) contents of surface-active substances. 

Table 5.3 Comparison of bubble test method (immersion technique) wit helium leak...

Bubble test Air and other gases 10"= 7 Positive pressure No... 

Use of the helium test method will result in considerable increases in efficiency (cycling times being only a matter of seconds in length) and lead to a considerable increase in testing reliability. As a result of this and due to the EN/ISO 9000 requirements, traditional industrial test methods (water bath, soap bubble test, etc.) will now largely be abandoned. 

However, large holes or tears can be introduced into an otherwise effective sterilizing filter and performance tests have to be designed to ensure that the complete assembly of the filter membrane and its supporting equipment are devoid of imperfections. These include bubble testing in which gas is forced under pressure through the wetted filter and the pressure required for bubbles to first appear measured. In principle this identifies the largest hole present in the complete system. 

A small bubble test was adopted that allowed us to evaluate performance and appearance after vacuum forming. This technique requires a small sheet sample which is heated under specified vacuum forming conditions and then blown into a bubble of predetermined size. Now our engineers were able to predict the appearance of the final vacuum formed part during a laboratory or plant sheet extrusion run. 

Figure 11. Mechanical stress-strain behavior of four strips cut from a cell after a RH cycling test of 50 cycles from 0-100% RH the blue spots marked on the MEA are leaking locations identified by a bubble test after the RH cycling the insert shows the fracture location ofeach strip.

The primary physical parameters, such as the fluid/fluid and fluid/solid interaction parameters, need apriori evaluation through model calibration using numerical experiments. The fluid/fluid interaction gives rise to the surface tension force and the fluid/ solid interaction manifests in the wall adhesion force. The fluid/fluid and fluid/solid interaction parameters are evaluated by designing two numerical experiments, bubble test in the absence of solid phase... 

Do not breathe too close to the sniffing probe or its reference chamber because the C02 from your breath could cause a deflection of the needle. If you are going to use a helium test gas after doing a bubble test, you must wait until the system is completely dry. The water will cause a negative deflection and the helium will cause a positive deflection, providing a combined weaker deflection. If, coincidentally, the water and helium are perfectly balanced, there will be no deflection. 

Bubble test (stirred Flexible laboratory test done in 1 L [3]... 

Static test Apparatus used is similar to that of bubble test without anyflow and corrosion rates obtained by either weight loss or electrochemical means. ... 

A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) will determine whether valve abnormalities or wall motion abnormalities are sources of emboli to the brain. A "bubble test" can be done to look for an intraatrial shunt indicating an atrial septal defect or a patent foramen ovale. 

Johansson and Granat (1984) conducted research on pressure differences between the outside atmosphere and air within a chamber using a tilted water manometer, which indicated that pressure differences were below detectable limits (0.2 mm H2O). Arkinson (2003) conducted research on temperature difference between the outside atmosphere and air within the chamber. The results indicate that temperature differences are < 0.4°C. The out-flowing gas also flows through a Teflon FEP sample line and is directed into a temperature controlled mobile laboratory, which houses the analytical instruments and data acquisition system. Here, the sample is analyzed continuously for content of the gas of interest. A vent line is fitted to the exiting sample line to prevent pressurization and was periodically bubble tested to check for under pressurization and/or leaks in the enclosed system. Sample lines do not exceed 10 meters. 

Air bubble test The ampules should not have any bubbles in the glass. Liquid yes, glass no. 

A bubble test to check the integrity for the membrane filter immediately after filtration but prior to release of the product. (This is done by applying air pressure through the filter until the validated bubble point is reached. Filter integrity is indicated by the absence of a steady stream of bubbles.)... 

Tii-Clover Clamps Upstream Vent, Bubble Test... 

Hollow Rod Connection Point X NPT (or Bubble Testing iDownstream)... 

Bechold [6] reported one of the first careful studies of pressure to drive a membrane separation process. He developed a series of membranes from nitrocellulose with graded porosities and demonstrated how to characterize them through bubble tests [7]. The origin of the word ultrafiltration is attributed to Bechold [8]. Subsequent improvements to Bechold s process led to the first commercially available microporous collodion membranes and the birth of the membrane industry [7]. 

No such relationshps are available for muhifilament cloths since the permeability is not accounted for by inspection or bubble-test. In the latter the larger inter-yam pores are measured. Calculations on the tmihifilament yams [Rnshton Griffiths, 1987] show... 

Leak testing involves several stages. The first is a check for sizeable leaks by a soap test under a pressure of about 4 bars or the maximum operating pressure, whichever is lower. Soap-bubble tests may not be sensitive at very low pressure, and more elaborate gas detectors then are necessary. When a system is found satisfactory in the preliminary test, it is time to introduce chlorine. This should be done at a low partial pressure, 0.1 or 0.2 bars at first, checking for leaks with an ammonia bottle. Any leak into ammonia vapor... 

Hydrotest Pneumatic Test Soap Bubble Test Helium Leak Test Performance Test Acoustic Emission Test Hardness Test Ferrite Check Copper Sulfate Test PMI... 

The hermeticity of a sintered ceramic is particularly important in electronic components. Fine size, open porosity or surface cracks in sintered ceramics can be characterized by the bubble test or by dye penetration. The hermeticity of closed-porosity sintered ceramics can be characterized using the helium leak test. ... 

Recommended Practices for Determining Hermeticity of Electron Devices by a Bubble Test, Annual Book ofASTM Standards, ASTM F 98—72. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1981. Recommended Practices for Determining Hermeticity of Electron Devices by Dye Penetration, Annual Book ofASTM Standards, ASTM F 97-72. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1981. Recommended Practices for Determining Hermeticity of Electron Devices with a Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector, Annual Book ofASTM Standards, ASTM F 134. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1981. 

To perform a bubble test, the membrane must be kept constantly wet. Gas, normally N2, is then connected to the inlet side of the filter and the outlet is connected to tubing that is placed into a vessel containing water. As gas is allowed to flow into the filter housing, the pressure is slowly increased using the gas tank regulator. The bubble point is that pressure where a stream of bubbles first appears on the outlet or filtrate side of the membrane. If the measured bubble point pressure is less than the manufacturer s specified value, the membrane has been compromised and should not be used. The bubble point should be recorded prior to start-up and at the end of botding as well as after any interruptions (i.e., upon return from worker break periods). 

HCl bubble test to obtain the acidic corrosion resistance of anodized layer. 

The overall impedance and HCl bubble test results are shown in Table 5. EIS data of three test coupons after immersion in 365 days in 3.5wt% NaCl solution are analyzed using the software written by Shih and Mansfeld called "ANODAL" [63-69]. 

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