Fluid Fluid

Fluid-fluid, fluid-fluid-sohd (catalyst) reactions... 

In the following discussion we present as an example closure expressions appropriate for systems where both fluid and matrix particles are spherical and have fixed diameters ( hard cores ) (Xf (fluid) and (matrix). The corresponding fluid fluid, fluid matrix, and matrix matrix interactions then contain (apart from other contributions) the hard-sphere(HS) potential... 

It is also important to develop more efficient techniques to handle interface problems including fluid-fluid, fluid-solid, and solid-solid contact interfaces. 

Fluid-fluid-fluid systems (e.g. desorption of a volatile compound in liquid systems)... 

Fluid-fluid, fluid-solid mass transfer... 

The similar problem of encapsulating sub-micrometer particles within a carrier fluid has been investigated computationally using a lattice Boltzmann model for binary fluids, together with a Brownian motion model for the particles [90]. The modeling approach allows the inclusion of different fluid-fluid, fluid-solid and fluid-surface interactions into the free energy of the system and hence into their simulations as the dynamics equations depend on the free energy. This novel... 

Softening point, C. 43-53 viscous fluid fluid fluid... 

Two fluid phases in contact gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, vapor-hquid, supercritical fluid-fluid (fluid phase membrane contactors) (Fig. 26.1a). 

Figure A2.5.26. Molar heat capacity C y of a van der Waals fluid as a fimction of temperature from mean-field theory (dotted line) from crossover theory (frill curve). Reproduced from [29] Kostrowicka Wyczalkowska A, Anisimov M A and Sengers J V 1999 Global crossover equation of state of a van der Waals fluid Fluid Phase Equilibria 158-160 532, figure 4, by pennission of Elsevier Science.

Kostrowicka Wyczalkowska A, Anisimov M A and Sengers J V 1999 Global crossover equation of state of a van der Waals fluid Fluid Phase Equilibria 158-160 523-35... 

Convection Heat Transfer. Convective heat transfer occurs when heat is transferred from a soHd surface to a moving fluid owing to the temperature difference between the soHd and fluid. Convective heat transfer depends on several factors, such as temperature difference between soHd and fluid, fluid velocity, fluid thermal conductivity, turbulence level of the moving fluid, surface roughness of the soHd surface, etc. Owing to the complex nature of convective heat transfer, experimental tests are often needed to determine the convective heat-transfer performance of a given system. Such experimental data are often presented in the form of dimensionless correlations. 

L. K. Doraiswany and M. M. Shamia, Heterogeneous Reactions, Hnaijses, Examples and Reactor Design, Vol. 2, Fluid—Fluid Solid Reactions, ]ohxi Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1984, pp. 299—300. 

Velocity The term kinematics refers to the quantitative description of fluid motion or deformation. The rate of deformation depends on the distribution of velocity within the fluid. Fluid velocity v is a vector quantity, with three cartesian components i , and v.. The velocity vector is a function of spatial position and time. A steady flow is one in which the velocity is independent of time, while in unsteady flow v varies with time. 

Jacket fluid Fluid in vessel Wall material Overall L" ... 

Adsorbed-Solution Theoiy The common thennodynamic approach to multicomponent adsorption treats adsorption equilibrium in a way analogous to fluid-fluid equilibrium. The theory has as its basis the Gibbs adsorption isotherm [Young and Crowell, gen. refs.], which is... 

Type of bed Moving Entrained Moving Fluid Fluid Entrained... 

METALWORKING FLUID Fluid applied to a tool and workpieee to eool, lubrieate, earry away partieles of waste and provide eoiTosion proteetion. Generally eomprising neat mineral oils, or water-based materials, or a mixture of the two. Fluids may also eontain emulsifiers, stabilizers, bioeides, eoiTosion inhibitors, fragranees and extreme pressure additives. 

It the viscosity is a function of dv/dy, the fluid is classed as a non- N evvto-nian fluid. Fluids of this type are outside the scope of this chapter,... 

Since the prewetting transition may occur only for weakly attractive surfaces [146], we must choose an appropriate value for the parameter This value has been set as follows e = 3 /3/2 j = 6. This corresponds to a relative strength of the fluid-fluid and fluid-surface potential minima close to that for Ar in contact with sohd carbon dioxide [147]. The second parameter in Eq. (144), zq, was set to 0.8[Pg.219]

To solve the replica OZ equations, they must be completed by closure relations. Several closures have been tested against computer simulations for various models of fluids adsorbed in disordered porous media. In particular, common Percus-Yevick (PY) and hypernetted chain approximations have been applied [20]. Eq. (21) for the matrix correlations can be solved using any approximation. However, it has been shown by Given and Stell [17-19] that the PY closure for the fluid-fluid correlations simplifies the ROZ equation, the blocking effects of the matrix structure are neglected in this... 

The equlibrium between the bulk fluid and fluid adsorbed in disordered porous media must be discussed at fixed chemical potential. Evaluation of the chemical potential for adsorbed fluid is a key issue for the adsorption isotherms, in studying the phase diagram of adsorbed fluid, and for performing comparisons of the structure of a fluid in media of different microporosity. At present, one of the popular tools to obtain the chemical potentials is an approach proposed by Ford and Glandt [23]. From the detailed analysis of the cluster expansions, these authors have concluded that the derivative of the excess chemical potential with respect to the fluid density equals the connected part of the fluid-fluid direct correlation function (dcf). Then, it follows that the chemical potential of a fluid adsorbed in a disordered matrix, p ), is... 

However, we also need to discuss how the attractive interactions between species can be included in the theory of partly quenched systems. These interactions comprise an intrinsic feature of realistic models for partially quenched fluid systems. In particular, the model for adsorption of methane in xerosilica gel of Kaminsky and Monson [41] is characterized by very strong attraction between matrix obstacles and fluid species. Besides, the fluid particles attract each other via the Lennard-Lones potential. Both types of attraction (the fluid-matrix and fluid-fluid) must be included to gain profound insight into the phase transitions in partly quenched media. The approach of Ford and Glandt to obtain the chemical potential utilizing... 

The ROZ equations are similar to Eqs. (22) and (23). However, we will apply PY closures for the description of both fluid-matrix and fluid-fluid interactions and therefore the ROZ equations reduce to the Madden-Glandt [15,16] form... 

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