Fluid solid interaction

Different nebular isotopic reservoirs must have existed, since there are distinct differences in bulk meteoritic O-isotope composition. The carbonaceons chondrites display the widest range in oxygen isotope composition of any meteorite group (Clayton and Mayeda 1999). The evolntion of these meteorites can be interpreted as a progression of interactions between dust and gas components in the solar nebula followed by solid/fluid interactions within parent bodies. Yonng et al. (1999)... 

In the density functional theory, the structure and thermodynamics of confined fluids are predicted from the intermolecular potentials of the fluid-fluid and solid-fluid interactions To... 

Here ma is the bulk solid-fluid interaction force, T.s the partial Cauchy stress in the solid, p/ the hydrostatic pressure in the perfect fluid, IIS the second-order stress in the solid, ha the density of partial body forces, ta the partial surface tractions, ts the traction corresponding to the second-order stress tensor in the solid and dvs/dn the directional derivative of v.s. along the outward unit normal n to the boundary cXl of C. 

The intramolecular potential energy is usually not considered for simple molecules, but it should be considered for molecules like C02 because of possible bond stretching and bending [60], The third one depends on the solid nature and on the pore shape. In the case of carbon materials with slit-shaped pores, a Steele 10-4-3 potential can be used for solid-fluid interaction ... 

The most used methods for the characterization of flow and species transport inside a porous body include the identification of the characteristics of the pores of the porous structure and the particularisation of classic transport equations to this case. These equations are generally associated with equations describing the solid-fluid interaction, adsorption, capillary condensation and flow due to the capillary forces etc. Concerning the species displacement (flow) problem inside a porous structure, we can consider the following classification ... 

The fluid-fluid and solid-fluid interaction parameters used for the simulation were taken from the literature [19] and are summarized in Table 1. The solid particles that constitute the silica framework were assume to have the amorphous silica density (2.2 g/cm ). 

The molecular potential of a quantum molecule in a model SWNT is described here. For simplicity, we assumed a homogeneous cylindrical pore for a model of open-ended SWNT. Thus classical solid-fluid interactions can be calculated using the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential integrated over an infmitely long cylinder [31] ... 

SWNT. GCMC simulation was carried out using the established procedures. We used the 12-6 Lennard-Jones(LJ) potential for the N2-N2 interaction. The used LJ parameters for N2 are Cff / ke = 95.2 K and 0 = 0.375 nm. As to H2, Cff / ke = 36.7 K and otff = 0.2959 nm were used. The classical solid-fluid interactions given by eq. 1 were used for the simulation. We used an established technique of the repeated cell determined by the triangular and square arrays of SWNHs [7,9,38 - 40], The thickness of the graphene wall was assumed to be 0.34 nm. 

As a typical example of CEDFT calculations, we present in Fig. 1 the capillary condensation isotherm of N2 in a cylindrical pore mimicking the pore channel in MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves. The isotherm is presented in co-ordinates adsorption N versus chemical potential p Calculations were performed at 77 K for the internal diameter of 3.3 nm up to the saturation conditions, point H. We used Tarazona s representation of the Helmholtz free energy [6] with the parameters for fluid-fluid and solid-fluid interaction potentials, which were employed in our previous papers [7]. We distinguish three regions on the isotherm. The adsorption branch OC corresponds to consecutive formation of adsorption layers. Note that the sharp transitions between the consecutive layers are not observed in experiments. They are caused by a well-known shortcoming of the model employed, which ignores intrinsic to real... 

The molecular DFT approach [7, 8] places to our disposal the contributions of the free energy, the solid-fluid-interactions and the chemical potential to the grand potential functional on the basis of suitable model conceptions. The final functional expression fl[p] can be differentiated at fixed wall potential v (r,w) and variables of state T,p in order to yield an analytically given relation which enables the calculation of the equilibrated density profile p (z,oj). 

Equation (11.7) is the fluid-solid interaction energy for either atoms such as noble gases or IC-LJ molecules. For a polyatomic molecule with M centers of LJ type, the solid—fluid interaction energy can be determined the same way as we have presented earlier for fluid—fluid interaction. The interaction potential energy between a site a of the molecule i and the homogeneous flat solid substrate is calculated by the same 10-4-3 Steele potential [26, 27] ... 

Molecular sieving is typically defined as separation of molecules based on a combination of size, shape, and specific solid-fluid interactions. Beenakker et al. [125] first proposed the idea that microporous sorbents with cylindrical pore diameters very close to the diameter of a molecule will act as quantum... 

The different solid-fluid interaction models and the various types and sizes of the sorbent media particles, as well as the purpose of a sorption operation, separation, purihcation, and so on, led to the development of a variety of processes, along with the required equipment types. These processes are associated with the main interaction models discussed earlier adsorption, ion exchange, and chromatography. 

Although the TS-PF-SSR can be used to study solid fluid interactions such as combustion, oxidation, ore roasting etc., we will concentrate our discussion on the use of the TS-PF-SSR in adsorption studies. 

Considering heat generation on the microscale, thermal effects may become important as localized temperature increases are likely to affect fluid properties and solid-fluid interactions (e.g., lower surface tension or viscosity). According to Moy and DiMarco (1970), for example, 7% of the sound-enhanced freeze-drying rate of liquid food can be attributed to the thermally induced mechanical effects on the gas phase resulting in friction and adiabatic compression. 

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI) 5-6 Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 3 Sol-gel aptamer microarrays 7 Solid/fluid interaction 2... 

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