Acute bronchitis

Levofloxacin (1), the levo-isomer or the (5)-enantiomer of ofloxacin, received FDA approval in 1996 (Fish, 2003 Hurst et al., 2002 Mascaretti, 2003 Norrby, 1999 North et al., 1998). The initial approval covered community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections (North et al., 1998). Four years later, the levofloxacin indication list grew to include community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, in 2002, nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Kliebsella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was added (Hurst et al., 2002). Finally in 2004, LVX was approved as a post-exposure treatment for individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, via inhalation (FDA, 2004). 

Otitis media, acute bronchitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and uncomplicated UTIs PO 400 mg/day as a single dose or in 2 divided doses. 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

In comparative trials involving commonly used regimens, levofloxacin had equivalent if not greater activity in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial sinusitis, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infection (5). 

Bronchitis - Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. Bubo - Inflammatory swelling of one or more lymphnodes, the confluent mass of nodes usually suppurates and drains pus. 

Indications Wind heat, initial stage. Common cold, flus, acute bronchitis, acute tonsillitis, epidemic conjunctivitis, headache, vertigo, acute tracheitis. 

Loracarbef, a synthetic beta lactam antibiotic of the car-bacephem class (200 to 400 mg p.o. q. 12 hours), is used in the treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbations or chronic bronchitis, of pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections, impetigo, uncomplicated cystitis, and in uncomplicated pyelonephritis. 

Telithromycin is a ketolide, which interferes with microbial protein synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial sinusitis, and community-acquired pneumonia caused by strains of susceptible organisms. 

Ceftibuten is an orally effective drug that is less active against gram-positive and gramnegative organisms than ceftxime, with activity limited to S. pneumonia and S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. Ceftibuten is only indicated for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. 

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists Acute and chronic bronchial asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, acute hypersensitive (allergic) reaction to drugs, delays delivery in premature labor, dysmenorrhea Common drug examples ... 

The hallmark of an inflammatory response in the lung is the presence of infiltrating leukocytes. This process can occur in the context of a variety of disorders, including trauma, infection, autoimmune diseases, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, asthma, chronic bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), exposure to environmental/occupational noxious agents, cancer, aUograft rejection, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The course of inflammation in these disease states is defined by the delicate balance and nature of inflammatory mediators expressed in the context of lung inflammation, and the specific leukocyte populations recmited in response to lung injury. 

Bronchitis Acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes, resulting in a fluid-producing cough. 

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