Noxious agents

Simple Self-limiting, resolves spontaneously and requires only symptomatic therapy Complex Not relieved after administration of antiemetics progressive deterioration of patient secondary to fluid-eledrolyte imbalances usually associated with noxious agents or psychogenic events... 

In factorial designs we have n variable factors which we are able to adjust at fixed levels. Sometimes the factors only exist in discrete levels but sometimes we are interested in or are only able to set up these discrete levels. The assignable causes, the factors which we assume will affect the recorded responses, may be quantitative or qualitative features. The quantitative character of temperature, pH, stirring velocity, etc. is obvious. Examples of qualitative factors are the age of membranes in ion selective electrodes or filter devices (with the levels old and new) or a certain medication or noxious agent (present or absent). In this situation the notion version of a factor makes sense (ISO 3534/3 in [ISO STANDARDS HANDBOOK, 1989]). 

Cirrhosis Liver disease characterized by loss of the normal microscopic lobular structure with fibrosis (collagen deposition). Usually the result of chronic exposure to a noxious agent such as ethanol. 

Figure 13 summarizes the present state of knowledge regarding interactions of siderophores, phages, and colicins with membrane systems in the enteric bacteria. Over the eons of evolutionary time, noxious agents have acquired the capacity to exploit these receptors as a means of penetrating the cell envlope. It would be important to ascertain if this analogy extends to plant and animal virus receptors. 

The hazard from inhaled uranium aerosols, or any noxious agent, is determined by the likelihood that the agent will reach the site of its toxic action. Two main factors that influence the degree of hazard from toxic airborne particles are the site of deposition in the respiratory tract of the particles and the fate of the particles within the lungs. The deposition site within the lungs depends mainly on the particle size of the inhaled aerosol, while the subsequent fate of the particle depends mainly on the physical and chemical properties of the inhaled particles and the physiological status of the lungs. 

Dendritic cells play a central role in the initiation of the irmate and adaptive immune response, and it is believed that they provide a link between them (32). The airways and lungs contain a rich network of dendritic cells that are localized near the surface, so that they are located ideally to signal the entry of foreign substances that are inhaled. Dendritic cells can activate a variety of other inflammatory and immune cells, which include macrophages and neutrophils, as well as T- and B-Iymphocytes, so dendritic cells may play an important role in the pulmonary response to cigarette smoke and other inhaled noxious agents. However, an increase in dendritic cells is not observed in the airways of COPD patients in contrast to asthma patients (33)... 

The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to effects of noxious agents because of their high perfusion rate. 

Nausea and vomiting may be caused by a variety of medications or other noxious agents. 

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