British Standards Institution test methods

Although the focus of the book is on the relevant ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) test methods with the numbers given, where possible the corresponding ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and BS (British Standards Institution) test method numbers are also presented. As an aside, the ASTM may have withdrawn some of the test methods noted herein,... 

British Standards Institution, London, Methods of Test for Textiles, B. S. Hand-... 

British Standard Institution (1967) Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes, London, BS 1377, Test 9, Determination of the total sulphate content of soil, and Test 10, Determination of the sulphate content of ground water and of aqueous soil extracts. British Standard Institution, London, pp 24-89... 

Methods of test for coffee and coffee products. Part 12. Coffee determination of caffeine content (routine method by HPLC), British Standards Institution, United Kingdom, British-Standard, BS 5752 Part 12, 1992. 

BS893 1940 British Standard 893 (British Standards Institution, London). The method of testing dust extraction plant and the emission of solids from chimneys of electric power stations. 

As a result, the formation of various national standards associations has led to the development of methods for coal evaluation. For example, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has carried out uninterrupted work in this field for many decades, and investigations on the development of the standardization of methods for coal evaluation has occurred in all the major coal-producing countries (Montgomery, 1978 Patrick and Wilkinson, 1978). There are in addition to the ASTM, organizations for methods development and standardization that operate on a national level examples are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the British Standards Institution (BS), which covers the analysis of coal under one standard number (BS 1016) (Table 1.2). 

BS. 2003. Methods for Analysis and Testing of Coal and Coke. BS 1016. British Standards Institution, London. 

Sources of information that have been used include (1) the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2) the British Standards Institution, (3) the International Organization for Standardization, (4) older books, (5) collections of individual articles from symposia, and (6) chapters in general coverage books. This will be the first book that provides not only a detailed description of the tests but also the outcome of the tests and the meaning of the data. However, the actual mechanics of performing a test method are not included such information is available from the various standards organization. 

EN (1995) 838. Workplace Atmospheres-Diffusive Samplers for the Determination of Gases or Vapors-Requirements and Test Methods, The British Standards Institution, London, UK. 

BSI Test methods and criteria for the fire resistance of elements of building construction, BS 476 Part 8, 1972, British Standard Institute, London. 

BS 6425-1 Test On Gases Evolved During The Combustion Of Materials From Cables. Method For Determination Of Amount Of Halogen Acid Gas Evolved During Combustion Of Polymeric Materials Taken From Cables, BSI British Standards Institution, London, U.K., 1990. 

Semi-solid foods, such as soft butter and some cheeses, cannot be formed into samples capable of supporting their own weight. For such foods, compression testing takes the form of cone or die penetrometry, in which a cone, die, needle or sphere is made to penetrate the sample (held in a suitable container) either under constant load or at constant speed, and the penetration depth measured as a function of time. Standard methods for penetrometry of fats are published by the AOCS (AOCS Official Method Cc 16-60, Firestone, 1998) and the British Standards Institution (BS 684 Section 1.11 1976, BSI, 1976c). 

BSI 1998b. Methods of Analysis of Fats and Fatty Oils, Part 1. Physical Methods, Section 1.17. Flashpoint limit test using Pensky-Martens closed-cup flash tester, British Standards Institution, London. 

British Standard BS 812 (1995), Testing Aggregates, Part 2 Methods of Determination of Density, British Standards Institution, London. 

British Standard BS 1377 (1975), Methods of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, British Standards Institution, London. 

British Standard BS 3483 (1974), Methods for Testing Pigments for Paints, Part B8 Determination of Density Relative to Water at 4°C, British Standards Institution, London. 

The main organizations that develop or validate methods for fats and oil analysis include International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), International Oiganization for Standardization (ISO), Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Association Francaise de Normalization (AFNOR), British Standards Institution (BSI), Deustsches Institute fur Normung (DIN), and the Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Association (FOSFA). In addition, there is an increasing trend for the various national standard institutions to develop their own standard methods based on the standard ISO methods these are generally adopted as official methods. 

Organizations such as the Association of American Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in the USA, the British Standards Institute in the United Kingdom, the Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN) in Germany and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) headquartered in Switzerland publish test methods that can be used to evaluate the performance of chemical finishes. 

Chemical tests such as acetone extraction, chloroform extraction, potassium hydroxide extraction, free sulfur, total sulfur and combined sulfur are done to find out the ingredients mixed in the rubber. Most of the physical and chemical tests and their methods are given in standard specifications, such as those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the British Standards Institution (BSI), in addition to other national and international specifications. 

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