Brevibacterium

Other Microbial Systems. In addition to the systems described, gene cloning is routinely performed in several other bacterial strains including Streptoccocus Staphylococcus Brevibacterium BJdodobacter Comyebacterium Glucanobacter Acetobacter and Zanthomonas species. 

L-lysine (N-acetyl-L-lysine) Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum Nocardia sp. hom 75... 

Processes employing Toru/opsis yjlinus (55), Hansenu/apoljmorpha (56), Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (57), A.chromobactor butrii (58), Micrococcus lactis (59), Streptomjces testaceus (60), and others have also been patented. These procedures yield, at most, several hundred milligrams of riboflavin per Hter. 

Normally amino add synthesis will just satisfy the metabolic demand. In some cases, when the amino add occurs in both biosynthetic and energy production pathways, overproduction of the amino add can take place. This is the case, espedally for L-glutamic add, with Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium and Arthrobacter. 

Auxotrophic mutants are used in the production of end products of branched pathways, ie pathways leading to more than one amino add at the same time. This is the case for L-lysine, L-methicmine, L-threonine and L-isoleudne in Brevibacterium flavum and Corynebacterium glutamicum. 

This approach has been used with a wide variety of organisms, although it is more commonly employed using Arthrobacter simplex, Brevibacterium lipolyticum, Corynebacterium spp and certain strains of Nocardia. 

C11-C20-OH Alkyloxldes Cn-C20 Arthrobacter sp Brevibacterium sp Corynebacterium sp Micrococcus sp Nocardia sp... 

Cyclic acetals of pyruvic acid are common in extracellular polysaccharides (compare, for example, Ref. 6). They have also been found in some LPS, namely, those from Shigella dysenteriae type 6 and E. coli 0-149 (Ref. 139), and in the teichoic acid from Brevibacterium iodinum. The biosynthesis of these acetals has already been discussed. 

Klebsiella K12, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-5 and 0-6 of a y -D-galactofuranosyl residue. Pyruvic acid is further acetalically linked to 0-4 and 0-5 of a D-mannitol residue in an unusual type of teichoic acid from Brevibacterium iodinum The absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S) in the 5. pneumoniae type 4 polysaccharide, but it has not yet been determined for the other polymers. 

Several of the intracellular teichoic acids are polymers of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate. An unusual teichoic acid, composed of d-mannitol phosphate, and with pyruvic acid linked as an acetal to 0-4 and 0-5, has been isolated from Brevibacterium iodinum. ... 

Amino acids, e.g. glutamate, lysine Corynebacterium glutamicum Brevibacterium flavum Supplementation of feeds/food intravenous infusion fluid constituents... 

Dufosse, L. and de Echanove, C., The last step in the biosynthesis of aryl carotenoids in the cheese ripening bacteria Brevibacterium linens ATCC 9175 (Brevibacterium aurantiacum sp. nov.) involves a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Food Res. Int, 38, 967, 2005. 

Guyomarc h, R, Binet, A., and Dufosse, L., Characterization of Brevibacterium linens pigmentation using spectrocolorimetry, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 57, 201, 2000. 

The oxidation of cholesterol to cholest-4-ene-3-one is carried ont by an oxidase in several bacteria. This activity has been fonnd in Brevibacterium sterolicum and Streptomyces sp. strain SA-COO (Ohta et al. 1991), and the extracellnlar enzyme that has been purified from Pseudomonas sp. strain ST-200 (Donkyn and Aono 1998) has a preference for 3p-hydroxy componnds. 

Ohta T, K Eujishoro, K Yamaguchi, Y Tamura, K Aisaka, T Uwajima, M Hasegawa (1991) Sequence of gene choB encoding cholesterol oxidase of Brevibacterium sterolicum comparison with choA of Streptomyces sp. SA-COO. Gene 103 93-96. 

Pirnik MP, RM Atlas, R Bartha (1974) Hydrocarbon metabolism by Brevibacterium erythrogenes normal and branched alkanes. J Bacterial 119 868-878. 

Trenz SP, KH Engesser, P Fischer, H-J Knackmuss (1994) Degradation of fluorene by Brevibacterium sp. strain DP01361 a novel C-C bond cleavage mechanism via l,10-dihydro-l,10-dihydroxyfluoren-9-one. J Bacterial 176 789-795. 

Strubel V, K-H Engesser, P Fischer, H-J Knackmuss (1991) 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)catechol as substrate for proximal meta ring cleavage in dibenzofuran degradation by Brevibacterium sp. strain DPO 1361. J Bacterial 173 1932-1937. 

Van Afferden M, S Schacht, J Klein, HG Triiper (1990) Degradation of dibenzothiophene by Brevibacterium sp. DO. Arch Microbiol 153 324-328. 

A pathway reported in the organism Brevibacterium strain DO is more interesting due to complete mineralization of the substrate DBT [129,140,141], This pathway is shown in Fig. 9. 

Figure 9. Ring destructive pathway in Brevibacterium strain DO.

The removal of Pb by Brevibacterium sp strain PBZ was markedly enhanced by the presence of glucose (Simine et al. 1998). Desorption of the metal by EDTA restored the binding capacity of the cells. U(VI) could be desorped from the cell surface of B. cereus by citric acid or sodium bicarbonate with the formation of water-soluble complexes although U(VI) was strongly bound on the cell surface of the bacteria. However, uranyl in... 

Mullen et al. (1989) reported that Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were able to sorb an average of 89% of the total Ag+ and 12-27% of the total Cd2+, Cu2+ and La3+ from a ImM solution. Using polyacrylamide-entrapped cells of Brevibacterium sp strain PBZ, Simine et al. (1998) measured a sorption capacity of 40 mg g-1 and 13 mg g-1 dry biomass for Pb and Cd, respectively. Hall et al. (2001) isolated two bacterial strains of P. syringae that were tolerant to 1000 mg L-1 Cu. Similarly, Amoroso et al. (2001) were able to obtain Streptomyces spp. strains R22 and R25 with a high tolerance to Cr from sediments of the Sail River, Argentina. The cells of R22 and R25 could accumulate 10.0 and 5.6 mg Cr g-1 dry weight, respectively, from a concentration of 50 mg Cr mL 1. Cell fractionation studies with strain R22 showed that most of the chromium... 

Simine DD, FinolilC, Vecchio A, Andreoni V (1998) Metal ion accumulation by immobilised cells of Brevibacterium sp. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 20 116-120. 

---