Brevibacterium strains

A pathway reported in the organism Brevibacterium strain DO is more interesting due to complete mineralization of the substrate DBT [129,140,141], This pathway is shown in Fig. 9. 

Figure 9. Ring destructive pathway in Brevibacterium strain DO.

Dehydration Reactions. Alpha-terpineol can be formed by the dehydration of cis-terpin hydrate by Brevibacterium strains. 

Generally, the reaction products are not clearly identified and we cannot evaluate the selectivity. However, in both Brevibacterium strains isolated by P. Galzy, such an identification was possible. With Brevibacterium R312, the CVA is a kinetic product and the best yield is 50% with other by-products such as... 

In one of the first examples, the reductive amination of phenylpyruvate catalyzed by a NADH-dependent L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) was coupled with the in situ generation of the substrate from acetamidocinnamic add (ACA) by a suitable acylase, thus avoiding both substrate inhibition and instability (Scheme 11.12a) [20]. An intracellular acylase was selected from a Brevibacterium strain and employed in this one-pot process at ACA concentrations up to 0.3 M with quantitative conversions into the desired product L-phenylalanine. 

Nadeem, S., Niaz, B., Muzammil, H.M., Rana, S.M., Rajoka, M.I., Shakoori, A.R., 2011. Optimising carbon and nitrogen sources for 1-glutamic acid production by Brevibacterium strain NIAB SS-67. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43 (2), 285-290. 

Other Microbial Systems. In addition to the systems described, gene cloning is routinely performed in several other bacterial strains including Streptoccocus Staphylococcus Brevibacterium BJdodobacter Comyebacterium Glucanobacter Acetobacter and Zanthomonas species. 

This approach has been used with a wide variety of organisms, although it is more commonly employed using Arthrobacter simplex, Brevibacterium lipolyticum, Corynebacterium spp and certain strains of Nocardia. 

The oxidation of cholesterol to cholest-4-ene-3-one is carried ont by an oxidase in several bacteria. This activity has been fonnd in Brevibacterium sterolicum and Streptomyces sp. strain SA-COO (Ohta et al. 1991), and the extracellnlar enzyme that has been purified from Pseudomonas sp. strain ST-200 (Donkyn and Aono 1998) has a preference for 3p-hydroxy componnds. 

Trenz SP, KH Engesser, P Fischer, H-J Knackmuss (1994) Degradation of fluorene by Brevibacterium sp. strain DP01361 a novel C-C bond cleavage mechanism via l,10-dihydro-l,10-dihydroxyfluoren-9-one. J Bacterial 176 789-795. 

Strubel V, K-H Engesser, P Fischer, H-J Knackmuss (1991) 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)catechol as substrate for proximal meta ring cleavage in dibenzofuran degradation by Brevibacterium sp. strain DPO 1361. J Bacterial 173 1932-1937. 

The removal of Pb by Brevibacterium sp strain PBZ was markedly enhanced by the presence of glucose (Simine et al. 1998). Desorption of the metal by EDTA restored the binding capacity of the cells. U(VI) could be desorped from the cell surface of B. cereus by citric acid or sodium bicarbonate with the formation of water-soluble complexes although U(VI) was strongly bound on the cell surface of the bacteria. However, uranyl in... 

Mullen et al. (1989) reported that Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were able to sorb an average of 89% of the total Ag+ and 12-27% of the total Cd2+, Cu2+ and La3+ from a ImM solution. Using polyacrylamide-entrapped cells of Brevibacterium sp strain PBZ, Simine et al. (1998) measured a sorption capacity of 40 mg g-1 and 13 mg g-1 dry biomass for Pb and Cd, respectively. Hall et al. (2001) isolated two bacterial strains of P. syringae that were tolerant to 1000 mg L-1 Cu. Similarly, Amoroso et al. (2001) were able to obtain Streptomyces spp. strains R22 and R25 with a high tolerance to Cr from sediments of the Sail River, Argentina. The cells of R22 and R25 could accumulate 10.0 and 5.6 mg Cr g-1 dry weight, respectively, from a concentration of 50 mg Cr mL 1. Cell fractionation studies with strain R22 showed that most of the chromium... 

Scheme 23.22 Some nitrogen-containing flavour compounds produced by microorganisms, a Methylanthranilate formation from N-methyl methylanthranilate 1 Trametes sp., Polyporus sp. b Different pyrazines produced with microorganisms in optimised media 2 mutant strain from Pseudomonas perolens ATCC 10757 3 Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacterium linens 4 mutant strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum...

Process development with Brevibacterium ammoniagenes (introduced in 1974), similarly to the development in the i-aspartate process led to 25-fold improvements, mainly through use of a Brevibacteriumflavum strain immobilized on ic-carrageenan gel with polyethyleneimine (PEI) crosslinker, so that a half life of 310 days at 37°C has been achieved. 

The strains used are either wild types or mutants. Wild types from the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium and Microbacterium are mostly employed in glutamic acid and alanine production 48). The yields, depending on the carbon source and bacterial species, are between 10-80%. Other amino acids are also accumulated in wild types however, yields are lower. 

Ishida M, Kawashima H, Sato K et al (1994) Factors improving L-threonine production by a three L-threonine biosynthetic genes-amplified recombinant strain of Brevibacterium lacto-fermentum. Biosci Biotech Biochem 58 768-770... 

L-Aspartic acid can be produced by direct fermentation of sugars using bacterial strains. However, commercially it has been produced by the amination of fumaric acid by immobilized bioctalysts that have high aspartase (EC 4.3.1.1) activity in a fixed-bed reactor. Suitable microbes for the industrial bioconversion of fumaric acid to L-aspartic acid include strains of Brevibacterium, Cory-nebacterium, E. coli, and Pseudomonas. A weight yield of 110% can be obtained in the conversion of fumaric acid to aspartic acid as shown in the following ... 

Efforts to develop organisms that overproduce L-phenylalanine have been vigorously pursued by the Nutrasweet Company, Ajinomoto, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, and others. The focus has centered on bacterial strains that have previously demonstrated the ability to overproduce other amino acids. Such organisms include principally the coryneform bacteria, Brevibacterium flavum [1,2] and Corynebac-terium glutamicum [3,4] used in L-glutamic acid production. In addition, Escherichia coli has been extensively studied for L-phenylalanine manufacture due to... 

The degradation of nitriles by nitrilases (EC 3.5.5.1) has been the subject of intense study, especially as it relates to the preparation of the commodity chemical acrylamide. Nitrilases catalyze the hydrolysis of nitriles to the corresponding acid plus ammonia (Figure 1 reaction 5), whereas nitrile hydratases (EC 4.2.1.84) add water to form the amide. Strains such as Rhodococcus rhodo-chrous Jl, Brevibacterium sp., and Pseudomonas chlororaphis have been used to prepare acrylamide from acrylonitrile, which contain the hydratase and not nitrilase activity [12]. A comparison of these strains has been discussed elsewhere [98]. Other uses of nitrilases, however, have primarily been directed at resolution processes to stereoselectively hydrolyze one enantiomer over another or regiose-lectively hydrolyze dinitriles [99-101]. 

An enzyme catalyzing the reductive animation of phenylpyruvate to the desired l-Phenylalanine was first found by Hummel et al. 52 in a strain of Brevibacterium and later in Rhodococcus sp. 8, 53. Table 15.3-4 summarizes the microbiological and kinetic data[9. ... 

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