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Breast cancer INDEX

Two gene ratio (Theros H/l) is now tested in combination with five gene index (Theros MCI) as a combined assay called Theros breast cancer index to stratify patients into low, intermediate, and high risk for distant metastasis. [Pg.807]

In 1990, Vatten et al.51 in Norway subsequently reviewed data on breast cancer risk from a cohort of 14,593 women with 152 cases of breast cancer during a follow up of 12 years on subjects who were between 35 and 51 years old at the beginning of the study and between 46 and 63 years at the end. They reported no overall statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and coffee consumption, but when body mass index was taken into account, lean women who consumed >5 cups per day had a lower risk than women who drank two cups or less. In obese women, however, there was a positive correlation between coffee intake and breast cancer. In a 1993 study, though, Folsom and associates52 failed to find an association between caffeine and postmenopausal breast cancer in 34,388 women in the Iowa Women s Health Study, with a median caffeine intake of 212 mg/day in women who developed breast cancer and 201 mg/day for women who did not and in Denmark, Ewertz53 studied... [Pg.335]

Elias JM, Rosenberg B, Margiotta M, et al. Antigen restoration of MIB-1 immunoreactivity in breast cancer combined use of enzyme predigestion and low temperature for improved measurement of proliferation indexes. I. Histotechnol. 1999 22 103-106. [Pg.22]

Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group (2003) Body mass index, serum sex hormones and breast cancer risk in post menopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 1218-1226... [Pg.276]

Bradbury et al. (2004), however, recently reanalyzed the relation between tamoxifen and cataracts and described it as a null association, They used a nested, matched, case-control study design and data collected in the General Practice Research Database. They identified all women 30-79 years old who were diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with tamoxifen within 6 months, or with bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, or nonmelanoma skin cancer between January 1991 and December i999. From this population they identified all newly diagnosed cases of cataract and matched four female controls to each case on age, index date, and study entry data. They assessed the risk of cataracts for current, past, and sometime users of tamoxifen... [Pg.335]

What the above amounts to is that the absolute excess risks per 10 000 woman-years attributable to the use of an estrogen plus a progestogen were seven more coronary heart disease events, eight more strokes, eight more pulmonary embolisms, and eight more invasive breast cancers, while the risk reductions per 10 000 woman-years were six fewer colorectal cancers and five fewer hip fractures. The absolute excess risk of events included in the global index was 19 per 10 000 woman-years. The overall harms in this study thus clearly exceeded the benefits. Allcause mortality was not affected. [Pg.276]

However, be aware that in spite of the usefulness of the MIB-1 antibody in assessing the rate of cell proliferation, the classification of cancers (e.g., breast cancer) by the size of the primary tumor and the presence and extent of lymph node metastases does not adequately explain differences in the clinical outcome of individual patients. Cell proliferation indices are commonly used, along with other diagnostic parameters, to estimate the risk of recurrence of a cancer for individual patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between various indices of proliferation such as MIB-1 labeling index and detection by either in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction. This approach will lead to quality assurance in diagnosis. [Pg.39]

Dardes, R. D. C. M., Horiguchi, J., and Jordan, V. C. 2000. A pilot study of the effects of short term tamoxifen therapy on Ki-67 labeling index in women with primary breast cancer, hit. J. Oncol. 7(5 25-30. [Pg.313]

Goodson III, W. H., Moore II, D. H., Ljung, B.-M., Chew, K., Florendo, C., Mayall, B., Smith, H. S., and Woldman, F. M. 1998. The functional relationship between in vivo bromodeoxyuri-dine labeling index and Ki-67 proliferation index in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 49 155-164. [Pg.318]

Figure 6. Staining obtained with two antibody clones to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Antigen retrieval and staining procedures were identical for the two antibodies, (a) Clone 19A2 showed a proliferating index of 75% compared to (b) to a 98% proliferating index in the adjacent section of breast cancer when stained with clone PC 10. Figure 6. Staining obtained with two antibody clones to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Antigen retrieval and staining procedures were identical for the two antibodies, (a) Clone 19A2 showed a proliferating index of 75% compared to (b) to a 98% proliferating index in the adjacent section of breast cancer when stained with clone PC 10.
NICE (2002a) Guidance on the use of trastuzumab for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Technology Appraisal 34. Available at http //www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ index.jsp action=article o=32314 [Accessed 4 July 2008]. [Pg.177]

Longer-term use is more problematic, given the probable increase (though < 2-fold) in fhe risk of breast cancer associated with extended use. Reasonable candidates are the small proportion of postmenopausal women with documented osteoporosis or osteopenia (decreased bone density) or those at increased risk for osteoporosis (personal or family history of nontraumatic fracture, ciurent smokers, or those with a body-mass index < 22) who do not have a personal or family history of breast cancer or other contraindications and who are willing to try this therapy. With more long-term... [Pg.742]


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