Brain hippocampal neurons

Neurosteroid synthesis by cytochrome p450-contain-ing systems localized in the rat brain hippocampal neurons N-methyl-D-aspartate and calcium-dependent synthesis. Endocrinology 142 3578-3589. 

Bito, H., Nakamura, M., Honda, Z. etal. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor in rat brain PAF mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ in hippocampal neurons. Neuron 9 285-294, 1992. 

Ammonia has deleterious effects on brain function by direct and indirect mechanisms. Concentrations of ammonia in the 1-2 mmol/1 range, equivalent to those reported in the brain in liver failure, impair postsynaptic inhibition in cerebral cortex and brainstem by a direct effect on Cl extrusion from the postsynaptic neuron. Millimolar concentrations of ammonia also inhibit excitatory neurotransmission. Synaptic transmission from Schaffer collaterals to CA1 hippocampal neurons is reversibly depressed by 1 mmol/1 ammonia, and the firing of CA1 neurons by iontophoretic application of glutamate is inhibited by 2 mmol/1 ammonia [10],... 

Sunderland T, Tariot PN, Newhouse PA. (1988). Differential responsivity of mood, behavior, and cognition to cholinergic agents in elderly neuropsychiatric populations. Brain Res. 472 4y. 371-89. Tachikawa E, Kudo K, Flarada K, Kashimoto T, Miyate Y, Kakizaki A, Takahashi E. (1999). Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuli. EurJ Pharmacol 369(1) 23-32. Tagami M, Ikeda K, Yamagata K, Nara Y, Fujino FI, Kubota A, Numano F, Yamori Y. (1999). Vitamin E prevents apoptosis in hippocampal neurons caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lab Invest. 79(5) 609-15. 

As in the case of chronic opiate abuse, few brain morphometric studies of human cannabis abusers have been conducted. However, recent preclinical work has demonstrated that 5 -THC concentrations as low as 0.5 to 1 lM, which are compatible with plasma 5 -THC levels achieved by humans ingesting marijuana, are toxic to hippocampal neurons (Chan et ah, 1998). This hippocampal toxicity may underlie the cognitive deficits observed in chronic marijuana users, which have been shown to persist after abstinence (Pope and Yurgel un-Todd, 1996). 

Cheng B, McMahon DG, Mattson MP Modulation of calcium current, intracellular calcium levels and cell survival by glucose deprivation and growth factors in hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 607 275-285, 1993 Cheng CHK, Costall B, Kelly ME, et al Actions of 5-hydroxytryptophan to inhibit and disinhibit mouse behaviour in the hght dark test. Eur J Pharmacol 255 39-49, 1994... 

Invernizzi R, Pozzi L, Vallebuona F, et al Effect of amineptine on regional extracellular concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline in the rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 262 769-774, 1992b Irwin RP, Magarakis NJ, Rogawski MA, et al Pregnenolone sulfate augments NMDA receptor mediated increases in intracellular Ca in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett 141 30-34, 1992... 

Pereira EFR, Reinhardt-Maehcke S, Schrattenholz A, et al Identification and functional characterization of a new agonist site on nicotinic acetylchohne receptors of cultured hippocampal neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265 1474-1491, 1993 Perez de la Mora N, Hemandez-Gomez AM, et al Cholecystokinin-8 increases K -evoked [ H] gamma-aminobutyric acid release in shces from various brain areas. Eur J Pharmacol 250 423-430, 1993... 

Kotloski, R., Lynch, M., Lauersdorf, S., Sutula, T. (2002) Repeated brief seizures induce progressive hippocampal neuron loss and memory deficits. Prog Brain Res. 135, 95-110. 

The constitutive isoforms of NOS are mainly, but not only, localized in the tissues where they were originally identified. In some brain regions, eNOS and nNOS occur in the same cell populations (Dinerman et al., 1994). In mice it was shown that hippocampal neurons express eNOS, and nNOS was found in human bronchi as well as in human skeletal muscle (Hobbs et al., 1999). In coronary arteries of eNOS knock-out mice, nNOS-derived NO, via activation of cGMP, takes over the role of eNOS and maintains blood flow-induced vessel dilation (Huang et al., 2002). 

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